我需要合并多个字典,这是我有例如:
dict1 = {1:{"a":{A}}, 2:{"b":{B}}}
dict2 = {2:{"c":{C}}, 3:{"d":{D}}}
A、B、C和D是树的叶子,比如{"info1":"value", "info2":"value2"}
字典的级别(深度)未知,可能是{2:{"c":{"z":{"y":{c}}}}}
在我的例子中,它表示一个目录/文件结构,节点是文档,叶子是文件。
我想将它们合并得到:
dict3 = {1:{"a":{A}}, 2:{"b":{B},"c":{C}}, 3:{"d":{D}}}
我不确定如何用Python轻松做到这一点。
我一直在测试你的解决方案,并决定在我的项目中使用这个:
def mergedicts(dict1, dict2, conflict, no_conflict):
for k in set(dict1.keys()).union(dict2.keys()):
if k in dict1 and k in dict2:
yield (k, conflict(dict1[k], dict2[k]))
elif k in dict1:
yield (k, no_conflict(dict1[k]))
else:
yield (k, no_conflict(dict2[k]))
dict1 = {1:{"a":"A"}, 2:{"b":"B"}}
dict2 = {2:{"c":"C"}, 3:{"d":"D"}}
#this helper function allows for recursion and the use of reduce
def f2(x, y):
return dict(mergedicts(x, y, f2, lambda x: x))
print dict(mergedicts(dict1, dict2, f2, lambda x: x))
print dict(reduce(f2, [dict1, dict2]))
将函数作为参数传递是将jterrace解决方案扩展为所有其他递归解决方案的关键。
这个简单的递归过程将一个字典合并到另一个字典,同时覆盖冲突的键:
#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
def merge_dicts(dict1, dict2):
""" Recursively merges dict2 into dict1 """
if not isinstance(dict1, dict) or not isinstance(dict2, dict):
return dict2
for k in dict2:
if k in dict1:
dict1[k] = merge_dicts(dict1[k], dict2[k])
else:
dict1[k] = dict2[k]
return dict1
print (merge_dicts({1:{"a":"A"}, 2:{"b":"B"}}, {2:{"c":"C"}, 3:{"d":"D"}}))
print (merge_dicts({1:{"a":"A"}, 2:{"b":"B"}}, {1:{"a":"A"}, 2:{"b":"C"}}))
输出:
{1: {'a': 'A'}, 2: {'c': 'C', 'b': 'B'}, 3: {'d': 'D'}}
{1: {'a': 'A'}, 2: {'b': 'C'}}
在不影响输入字典的情况下返回一个合并。
def _merge_dicts(dictA: Dict = {}, dictB: Dict = {}) -> Dict:
# it suffices to pass as an argument a clone of `dictA`
return _merge_dicts_aux(dictA, dictB, copy(dictA))
def _merge_dicts_aux(dictA: Dict = {}, dictB: Dict = {}, result: Dict = {}, path: List[str] = None) -> Dict:
# conflict path, None if none
if path is None:
path = []
for key in dictB:
# if the key doesn't exist in A, add the B element to A
if key not in dictA:
result[key] = dictB[key]
else:
# if the key value is a dict, both in A and in B, merge the dicts
if isinstance(dictA[key], dict) and isinstance(dictB[key], dict):
_merge_dicts_aux(dictA[key], dictB[key], result[key], path + [str(key)])
# if the key value is the same in A and in B, ignore
elif dictA[key] == dictB[key]:
pass
# if the key value differs in A and in B, raise error
else:
err: str = f"Conflict at {'.'.join(path + [str(key)])}"
raise Exception(err)
return result
灵感来自@andrew cooke的解决方案
我一直在测试你的解决方案,并决定在我的项目中使用这个:
def mergedicts(dict1, dict2, conflict, no_conflict):
for k in set(dict1.keys()).union(dict2.keys()):
if k in dict1 and k in dict2:
yield (k, conflict(dict1[k], dict2[k]))
elif k in dict1:
yield (k, no_conflict(dict1[k]))
else:
yield (k, no_conflict(dict2[k]))
dict1 = {1:{"a":"A"}, 2:{"b":"B"}}
dict2 = {2:{"c":"C"}, 3:{"d":"D"}}
#this helper function allows for recursion and the use of reduce
def f2(x, y):
return dict(mergedicts(x, y, f2, lambda x: x))
print dict(mergedicts(dict1, dict2, f2, lambda x: x))
print dict(reduce(f2, [dict1, dict2]))
将函数作为参数传递是将jterrace解决方案扩展为所有其他递归解决方案的关键。