场景:用户点击视图控制器上的按钮。视图控制器是导航堆栈中最顶层的(很明显)。tap调用在另一个类上调用的实用程序类方法。这里发生了不好的事情我想在控件返回到视图控制器之前在那里显示一个警告。
+ (void)myUtilityMethod {
// do stuff
// something bad happened, display an alert.
}
这是可能的UIAlertView(但可能不太合适)。
在这种情况下,你如何在myUtilityMethod中呈现UIAlertController ?
在WWDC上,我在一个实验室停下来,问了一个苹果工程师同样的问题:“显示UIAlertController的最佳实践是什么?”他说他们经常被问到这个问题,我们开玩笑说他们应该就此开个会。他说苹果内部创建了一个带有透明UIViewController的UIWindow,然后在上面呈现UIAlertController。基本上就是迪伦·贝特曼的答案。
但我不想使用UIAlertController的子类,因为这将需要我在整个应用程序中更改我的代码。因此,在关联对象的帮助下,我在UIAlertController上创建了一个类别,它在Objective-C中提供了一个显示方法。
以下是相关代码:
#import "UIAlertController+Window.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@interface UIAlertController (Window)
- (void)show;
- (void)show:(BOOL)animated;
@end
@interface UIAlertController (Private)
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIWindow *alertWindow;
@end
@implementation UIAlertController (Private)
@dynamic alertWindow;
- (void)setAlertWindow:(UIWindow *)alertWindow {
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, @selector(alertWindow), alertWindow, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
- (UIWindow *)alertWindow {
return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, @selector(alertWindow));
}
@end
@implementation UIAlertController (Window)
- (void)show {
[self show:YES];
}
- (void)show:(BOOL)animated {
self.alertWindow = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds];
self.alertWindow.rootViewController = [[UIViewController alloc] init];
id<UIApplicationDelegate> delegate = [UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
// Applications that does not load with UIMainStoryboardFile might not have a window property:
if ([delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(window)]) {
// we inherit the main window's tintColor
self.alertWindow.tintColor = delegate.window.tintColor;
}
// window level is above the top window (this makes the alert, if it's a sheet, show over the keyboard)
UIWindow *topWindow = [UIApplication sharedApplication].windows.lastObject;
self.alertWindow.windowLevel = topWindow.windowLevel + 1;
[self.alertWindow makeKeyAndVisible];
[self.alertWindow.rootViewController presentViewController:self animated:animated completion:nil];
}
- (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
[super viewDidDisappear:animated];
// precaution to ensure window gets destroyed
self.alertWindow.hidden = YES;
self.alertWindow = nil;
}
@end
下面是一个用法示例:
// need local variable for TextField to prevent retain cycle of Alert otherwise UIWindow
// would not disappear after the Alert was dismissed
__block UITextField *localTextField;
UIAlertController *alert = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"Global Alert" message:@"Enter some text" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
[alert addAction:[UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"OK" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction *action) {
NSLog(@"do something with text:%@", localTextField.text);
// do NOT use alert.textfields or otherwise reference the alert in the block. Will cause retain cycle
}]];
[alert addTextFieldWithConfigurationHandler:^(UITextField *textField) {
localTextField = textField;
}];
[alert show];
当UIAlertController被释放时,创建的UIWindow将被销毁,因为它是唯一保留UIWindow的对象。但是如果你将UIAlertController分配给一个属性,或者通过在其中一个动作块中访问警报而导致其保留计数增加,UIWindow将停留在屏幕上,锁定你的UI。请参阅上面的示例使用代码,以避免在需要访问UITextField的情况下。
我用一个测试项目FFGlobalAlertController做了一个GitHub回购
对于UINavigationController和/或UITabBarController的所有情况,非常通用的UIAlertController扩展。如果屏幕上有一个模态VC,也可以工作。
用法:
//option 1:
myAlertController.show()
//option 2:
myAlertController.present(animated: true) {
//completion code...
}
这是扩展:
//Uses Swift1.2 syntax with the new if-let
// so it won't compile on a lower version.
extension UIAlertController {
func show() {
present(animated: true, completion: nil)
}
func present(#animated: Bool, completion: (() -> Void)?) {
if let rootVC = UIApplication.sharedApplication().keyWindow?.rootViewController {
presentFromController(rootVC, animated: animated, completion: completion)
}
}
private func presentFromController(controller: UIViewController, animated: Bool, completion: (() -> Void)?) {
if let navVC = controller as? UINavigationController,
let visibleVC = navVC.visibleViewController {
presentFromController(visibleVC, animated: animated, completion: completion)
} else {
if let tabVC = controller as? UITabBarController,
let selectedVC = tabVC.selectedViewController {
presentFromController(selectedVC, animated: animated, completion: completion)
} else {
controller.presentViewController(self, animated: animated, completion: completion)
}
}
}
}
补充Zev的回答(并切换回Objective-C),你可能会遇到这样的情况,你的根视图控制器通过segue或其他东西呈现其他VC。在根VC上调用presenttedviewcontroller会处理这个:
[[UIApplication sharedApplication].keyWindow.rootViewController.presentedViewController presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:^{}];
这解决了一个问题,我有根VC已经segue到另一个VC,而不是显示警报控制器,像上面报告的警告发出:
Warning: Attempt to present <UIAlertController: 0x145bfa30> on <UINavigationController: 0x1458e450> whose view is not in the window hierarchy!
我还没有测试它,但如果你的根VC恰好是一个导航控制器,这可能也是必要的。
斯威夫特
let alertController = UIAlertController(title: "title", message: "message", preferredStyle: .alert)
//...
var rootViewController = UIApplication.shared.keyWindow?.rootViewController
if let navigationController = rootViewController as? UINavigationController {
rootViewController = navigationController.viewControllers.first
}
if let tabBarController = rootViewController as? UITabBarController {
rootViewController = tabBarController.selectedViewController
}
//...
rootViewController?.present(alertController, animated: true, completion: nil)
objective - c
UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"Title" message:@"message" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
//...
id rootViewController = [UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate.window.rootViewController;
if([rootViewController isKindOfClass:[UINavigationController class]])
{
rootViewController = ((UINavigationController *)rootViewController).viewControllers.firstObject;
}
if([rootViewController isKindOfClass:[UITabBarController class]])
{
rootViewController = ((UITabBarController *)rootViewController).selectedViewController;
}
//...
[rootViewController presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
创建扩展像在Aviel Gross回答。这里有Objective-C扩展。
这里有头文件*.h
// UIAlertController+Showable.h
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface UIAlertController (Showable)
- (void)show;
- (void)presentAnimated:(BOOL)animated
completion:(void (^)(void))completion;
- (void)presentFromController:(UIViewController *)viewController
animated:(BOOL)animated
completion:(void (^)(void))completion;
@end
和实现:*.m
// UIAlertController+Showable.m
#import "UIAlertController+Showable.h"
@implementation UIAlertController (Showable)
- (void)show
{
[self presentAnimated:YES completion:nil];
}
- (void)presentAnimated:(BOOL)animated
completion:(void (^)(void))completion
{
UIViewController *rootVC = [UIApplication sharedApplication].keyWindow.rootViewController;
if (rootVC != nil) {
[self presentFromController:rootVC animated:animated completion:completion];
}
}
- (void)presentFromController:(UIViewController *)viewController
animated:(BOOL)animated
completion:(void (^)(void))completion
{
if ([viewController isKindOfClass:[UINavigationController class]]) {
UIViewController *visibleVC = ((UINavigationController *)viewController).visibleViewController;
[self presentFromController:visibleVC animated:animated completion:completion];
} else if ([viewController isKindOfClass:[UITabBarController class]]) {
UIViewController *selectedVC = ((UITabBarController *)viewController).selectedViewController;
[self presentFromController:selectedVC animated:animated completion:completion];
} else {
[viewController presentViewController:self animated:animated completion:completion];
}
}
@end
你在你的实现文件中使用这个扩展,就像这样:
#import "UIAlertController+Showable.h"
UIAlertController* alert = [UIAlertController
alertControllerWithTitle:@"Title here"
message:@"Detail message here"
preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
UIAlertAction* defaultAction = [UIAlertAction
actionWithTitle:@"OK"
style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault
handler:^(UIAlertAction * action) {}];
[alert addAction:defaultAction];
// Add more actions if needed
[alert show];