我有一个这样的循环:

for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
    String myString = ...;
    float myNum = Float.parseFloat(myString);
    myFloats[i] = myNum;
}

这是一个方法的主要内容,该方法的唯一目的是返回浮点数数组。我想让这个方法在出现错误时返回null,所以我把循环放在try…Catch block,像这样:

try {
    for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
        String myString = ...;
        float myNum = Float.parseFloat(myString);
        myFloats[i] = myNum;
    }
} catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
    return null;
}

但后来我也想到试一试……Catch块在循环中,像这样:

for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
    String myString = ...;
    try {
        float myNum = Float.parseFloat(myString);
    } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
        return null;
    }
    myFloats[i] = myNum;
}

是否有任何理由,性能或其他方面,更喜欢其中一个?


编辑:共识似乎是,将循环放在try/catch中更干净,可能是在它自己的方法中。然而,关于哪个速度更快仍存在争议。有人能测试一下并给出一个统一的答案吗?


当前回答

异常的全部意义在于鼓励第一种风格:让错误处理被合并并处理一次,而不是在每个可能的错误位置立即处理。

其他回答

如果这是一个全有或全无的失败,那么第一种格式是有意义的。如果希望能够处理/返回所有未失败的元素,则需要使用第二种形式。这些就是我选择方法的基本标准。就我个人而言,如果是孤注一掷,我不会使用第二种形式。

如果它在内部,那么您将获得N次try/catch结构的开销,而不是只在外部获得一次。


每次调用Try/Catch结构都会增加方法执行的开销。只需要处理结构所需的一点点内存和处理器节拍。如果运行一个循环100次,假设每个try/catch调用的代价是1 tick,那么在循环内执行try/catch调用的代价是100 tick,而在循环外只执行1 tick。

As already mentioned, the performance is the same. However, user experience isn't necessarily identical. In the first case, you'll fail fast (i.e. after the first error), however if you put the try/catch block inside the loop, you can capture all the errors that would be created for a given call to the method. When parsing an array of values from strings where you expect some formatting errors, there are definitely cases where you'd like to be able to present all the errors to the user so that they don't need to try and fix them one by one.

As long as you are aware of what you need to accomplish in the loop you could put the try catch outside the loop. But it is important to understand that the loop will then end as soon as the exception occurs and that may not always be what you want. This is actually a very common error in Java based software. People need to process a number of items, such as emptying a queue, and falsely rely on an outer try/catch statement handling all possible exceptions. They could also be handling only a specific exception inside the loop and not expect any other exception to occur. Then if an exception occurs that is not handled inside the loop then the loop will be "preemted", it ends possibly prematurely and the outer catch statement handles the exception.

如果循环在生活中扮演清空队列的角色,那么循环很可能在队列真正清空之前就结束了。非常常见的错误。

你应该喜欢外面的版本而不是里面的版本。这只是规则的一个特定版本,将任何可以移动到循环外的东西移动到循环外。根据IL编译器和JIT编译器的不同,您的两个版本最终可能具有不同的性能特征,也可能没有。

另一方面,你可能应该看看float。TryParse或Convert.ToFloat。