self.navigationController.navigationBar.backItem.title = @"TEXT";

在Swift中:

self.navigationController?.navigationBar.backItem?.title = "TEXT"

以下是答案:

在viewDidAppear:animated中(不是在viewDidLoad中)执行以下操作

- (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
     [self.navigationController.navigationBar.backItem setTitle:@"anything"];

     // then call the super
     [super viewDidAppear:animated];
}

如果你想保持后退按钮的形状。

斯威夫特版本:

在你的子ViewController中:

override func viewWillAppear(animated: Bool) {
    super.viewWillAppear(animated)
    self.navigationController?.navigationBar.backItem?.title = "TEXT"
}

我们有两个VC A和B。

如果你想在B中更改标题，请在A中编写这段代码

- (IBAction)goToBViewController:(UIButton *)sender {

    BViewController *vc = [self.storyboard instantiateViewControllerWithIdentifier:@"VC"];
    UIBarButtonItem *newBackButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"Your title here"
                                                                  style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain
                                                                 target:nil
                                                                 action:nil];
    [[self navigationItem] setBackBarButtonItem:newBackButton];
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:vc animated:NO];

}

Swift 4.1 Xcode 9.4

let secondViewController = self.storyboard?.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "VC"])
let newBackButton = UIBarButtonItem.init(title: "Your title here", style: UIBarButtonItemStyle.plain, target: nil, action: nil)
navigationController?.navigationBar.topItem?.backBarButtonItem = newBackButton
navigationController?.pushViewController(secondViewController!, animated: true)

下面是backBarButtonItem的文档:

时，此导航项位于顶部项的正下方 堆栈时，导航控制器派生返回按钮 此导航项中的导航栏。[…如果你想的话 为后退按钮指定自定义图像或标题，则可以指定 自定义栏按钮项目(与您的自定义标题或图像)到此 财产。”

视图控制器A(父视图控制器):

self.title = @"Really Long Title";
UIBarButtonItem *backButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"Short" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered target:nil action:nil];
self.navigationItem.backBarButtonItem = backButton;

当任何其他视图控制器B在导航堆栈的顶部，而A在它的正下方时，B的后退按钮的标题将是“Short”。

迅速:

    // Rename back button
    let backButton = UIBarButtonItem(
        title: "Back",
        style: UIBarButtonItemStyle.Plain, // Note: .Bordered is deprecated
        target: nil,
        action: nil
    )
    self.navigationController!.navigationBar.topItem!.backBarButtonItem = backButton