还有另一种优雅而俗气的方法来检查一个promise是否仍然挂起，只需将整个对象转换为字符串，并在inspect的帮助下检查它，就像这样:util.inspect(myPromise).includes("pending")。

在Node.js 8、9、10、11、12、13上测试

这里有一个完整的例子

const util = require("util")

function sleep(ms) {
  return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
}

(async ()=>{
  let letmesleep = sleep(3000)
  setInterval(()=>{
    console.log(util.inspect(letmesleep).includes("pending"))
  },1000)
})()

结果:

true
true
false
false
false

你可以和Promise.resolve赛跑 它不是同步的，但现在就发生了

function promiseState(p, isPending, isResolved, isRejected) {
  Promise.race([p, Promise.resolve('a value that p should not return')]).then(function(value) {
    if (value == 'a value that p should not return') {
      (typeof(isPending) === 'function') && isPending();
    }else {
      (typeof(isResolved) === 'function') && isResolved(value);
    }
  }, function(reason) {
    (typeof(isRejected) === 'function') && isRejected(reason);
  });
}

一个用于测试的小脚本，并理解异步的含义

var startTime = Date.now() - 100000;//padding trick "100001".slice(1) => 00001
function log(msg) {
  console.log((""+(Date.now() - startTime)).slice(1) + ' ' + msg);
  return msg;//for chaining promises
};

function prefix(pref) { return function (value) { log(pref + value); return value; };}

function delay(ms) {
  return function (value) {
    var startTime = Date.now();
    while(Date.now() - startTime < ms) {}
    return value;//for chaining promises
  };
}
setTimeout(log, 0,'timeOut 0 ms');
setTimeout(log, 100,'timeOut 100 ms');
setTimeout(log, 200,'timeOut 200 ms');

var p1 = Promise.resolve('One');
var p2 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { setTimeout(resolve, 100, "Two"); });
var p3 = Promise.reject("Three");

p3.catch(delay(200)).then(delay(100)).then(prefix('delayed L3 : '));

promiseState(p1, prefix('p1 Is Pending '), prefix('p1 Is Resolved '), prefix('p1 Is Rejected '));
promiseState(p2, prefix('p2 Is Pending '), prefix('p2 Is Resolved '), prefix('p2 Is Rejected '));
promiseState(p3, prefix('p3 Is Pending '), prefix('p3 Is Resolved '), prefix('p3 Is Rejected '));

p1.then(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
p2.then(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
p3.catch(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
log('end of promises');
delay(100)();
log('end of script');

延迟(0)的结果(注释在延迟中的while)

00001 end of promises
00001 end of script
00001 Level 1 : One
00001 Level 1 : Three
00001 p1 Is Resolved One
00001 p2 Is Pending undefined
00001 p3 Is Rejected Three
00001 Level 2 : One
00001 Level 2 : Three
00001 delayed L3 : Three
00002 Level 3 : One
00002 Level 3 : Three
00006 timeOut 0 ms
00100 timeOut 100 ms
00100 Level 1 : Two
00100 Level 2 : Two
00101 Level 3 : Two
00189 timeOut 200 ms

与firefox(chrome保持顺序)测试的结果

00000 end of promises
00100 end of script
00300 Level 1 : One
00300 Level 1 : Three
00400 p1 Is Resolved One
00400 p2 Is Pending undefined
00400 p3 Is Rejected Three
00400 Level 2 : One
00400 Level 2 : Three
00400 delayed L3 : Three
00400 Level 3 : One
00400 Level 3 : Three
00406 timeOut 0 ms
00406 timeOut 100 ms
00406 timeOut 200 ms
00406 Level 1 : Two
00407 Level 2 : Two
00407 Level 3 : Two

promise estate make .race and .then:第二级

你能做的就是使用一个变量来存储状态，手动将状态设置为那个变量，然后检查那个变量。

var state = 'pending';

new Promise(function(ff, rjc) {
  //do something async

  if () {//if success
    state = 'resolved';

    ff();//
  } else {
    state = 'rejected';

    rjc();
  }
});

console.log(state);//check the state somewhere else in the code

当然，这意味着您必须能够访问承诺的原始代码。如果你没有，那么你可以这样做:

var state = 'pending';

//you can't access somePromise's code
somePromise.then(function(){
  state = 'resolved';
}, function() {
  state = 'rejected';
})

console.log(state);//check the promise's state somewhere else in the code

我的解决方案是编写更多的代码，但我认为您可能不必对使用的每个承诺都这样做。

使用惯用的原型，等待@jib的答案的使用。

Object.defineProperty(Promise.prototype, "state", {
    get: function(){
        const o = {};
        return Promise.race([this, o]).then(
            v => v === o ? "pending" : "resolved",
            () => "rejected");
    }
});

// usage: console.log(await <Your Promise>.state);
(async () => {
    console.log(await Promise.resolve(2).state);  // "resolved"
    console.log(await Promise.reject(0).state);   // "rejected"
    console.log(await new Promise(()=>{}).state); // "pending"
})();

注意，这个异步函数像同步函数一样“几乎”立即执行(或者实际上可能立即执行)。

更新:2019

Bluebird.js提供了这个:http://bluebirdjs.com/docs/api/isfulfilled.html

var Promise = require("bluebird");
let p = Promise.resolve();
console.log(p.isFulfilled());

如果您更喜欢创建自己的包装器，这里有一个关于它的不错的博客。

因为JavaScript是单线程的，所以很难找到一个足够常见的用例来证明将其放在规范中是正确的。知道承诺是否被解决的最佳位置是在.then()中。测试Promise是否被履行将创建一个轮询循环，这很可能是错误的方向。

如果你想同步推理异步代码，Async /await是一个很好的结构。

await this();
await that();
return 'success!';

另一个有用的调用是Promise.all()

var promise1 = Promise.resolve(3);
var promise2 = 42;
var promise3 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
  setTimeout(resolve, 100, 'foo');
});

Promise.all([promise1, promise2, promise3]).then(function(values) {
  console.log(values);
});
// expected output: Array [3, 42, "foo"]

当我第一次得到这个答案时，这就是我正在寻找的用例。

Promise-status-async可以做到。它是异步的，但它不使用然后等待承诺被解决。

const {promiseStatus} = require('promise-status-async');
// ...
if (await promiseStatus(promise) === 'pending') {
    const idle = new Promise(function(resolve) {
        // can do some IDLE job meanwhile
    });
    return idle;
}