一些提出的解决方案帮助我很多，部分解决问题，但仍有一个重要的事情，在解决方案中产生了意想不到的异常和黑页内容，而不是在某些情况下的片段内容。

问题是FragmentPagerAdapter类使用条目ID将缓存的片段存储到FragmentManager中。出于这个原因，您还需要重写getItemId(int position)方法，以便它返回例如顶级页面的位置和详细页面的100 +位置。否则，之前创建的顶级片段将从缓存返回，而不是细节级片段。

Furthermore, I'm sharing here a complete example how to implement tabs-like activity with Fragment pages using ViewPager and tab buttons using RadioGroup that allows replacement of top-level pages with detailed pages and also supports back button. This implementation supports only one level of back stacking (item list - item details) but multi-level back stacking implementation is straightforward. This example works pretty well in normal cases except of it is throwing a NullPointerException in case when you switch to e. g. second page, change the fragment of the first page (while not visible) and return back to the first page. I'll post a solution to this issue once I'll figure it out:

public class TabsActivity extends FragmentActivity {

  public static final int PAGE_COUNT = 3;
  public static final int FIRST_PAGE = 0;
  public static final int SECOND_PAGE = 1;
  public static final int THIRD_PAGE = 2;

  /**
   * Opens a new inferior page at specified tab position and adds the current page into back
   * stack.
   */
  public void startPage(int position, Fragment content) {
    // Replace page adapter fragment at position.
    mPagerAdapter.start(position, content);
  }

  @Override
  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    // Initialize basic layout.
    this.setContentView(R.layout.tabs_activity);

    // Add tab fragments to view pager.
    {
      // Create fragments adapter.
      mPagerAdapter = new PagerAdapter(pager);
      ViewPager pager = (ViewPager) super.findViewById(R.id.tabs_view_pager);
      pager.setAdapter(mPagerAdapter);

      // Update active tab in tab bar when page changes.
      pager.setOnPageChangeListener(new ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener() {
        @Override
        public void onPageScrolled(int index, float value, int nextIndex) {
          // Not used.
        }

        @Override
        public void onPageSelected(int index) {
          RadioGroup tabs_radio_group = (RadioGroup) TabsActivity.this.findViewById(
            R.id.tabs_radio_group);
          switch (index) {
            case 0: {
              tabs_radio_group.check(R.id.first_radio_button);
            }
            break;
            case 1: {
              tabs_radio_group.check(R.id.second_radio_button);
            }
            break;
            case 2: {
              tabs_radio_group.check(R.id.third_radio_button);
            }
            break;
          }
        }

        @Override
        public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int index) {
          // Not used.
        }
      });
    }

    // Set "tabs" radio group on checked change listener that changes the displayed page.
    RadioGroup radio_group = (RadioGroup) this.findViewById(R.id.tabs_radio_group);
    radio_group.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
      @Override
      public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup radioGroup, int id) {
        // Get view pager representing tabs.
        ViewPager view_pager = (ViewPager) TabsActivity.this.findViewById(R.id.tabs_view_pager);
        if (view_pager == null) {
          return;
        }

        // Change the active page.
        switch (id) {
          case R.id.first_radio_button: {
            view_pager.setCurrentItem(FIRST_PAGE);
          }
          break;
          case R.id.second_radio_button: {
            view_pager.setCurrentItem(SECOND_PAGE);
          }
          break;
          case R.id.third_radio_button: {
            view_pager.setCurrentItem(THIRD_PAGE);
          }
          break;
        }
      });
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void onBackPressed() {
    if (!mPagerAdapter.back()) {
      super.onBackPressed();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Serves the fragments when paging.
   */
  private class PagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {

    public PagerAdapter(ViewPager container) {
      super(TabsActivity.this.getSupportFragmentManager());

      mContainer = container;
      mFragmentManager = TabsActivity.this.getSupportFragmentManager();

      // Prepare "empty" list of fragments.
      mFragments = new ArrayList<Fragment>(){};
      mBackFragments = new ArrayList<Fragment>(){};
      for (int i = 0; i < PAGE_COUNT; i++) {
        mFragments.add(null);
        mBackFragments.add(null);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the view pager fragment at specified position.
     */
    public void replace(int position, Fragment fragment) {
      // Get currently active fragment.
      Fragment old_fragment = mFragments.get(position);
      if (old_fragment == null) {
        return;
      }

      // Replace the fragment using transaction and in underlaying array list.
      // NOTE .addToBackStack(null) doesn't work
      this.startUpdate(mContainer);
      mFragmentManager.beginTransaction().setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN)
        .remove(old_fragment).add(mContainer.getId(), fragment)
        .commit();
      mFragments.set(position, fragment);
      this.notifyDataSetChanged();
      this.finishUpdate(mContainer);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the fragment at specified position and stores the current fragment to back stack
     * so it can be restored by #back().
     */
    public void start(int position, Fragment fragment) {
      // Remember current fragment.
      mBackFragments.set(position, mFragments.get(position));

      // Replace the displayed fragment.
      this.replace(position, fragment);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the current fragment by fragment stored in back stack. Does nothing and returns
     * false if no fragment is back-stacked.
     */
    public boolean back() {
      int position = mContainer.getCurrentItem();
      Fragment fragment = mBackFragments.get(position);
      if (fragment == null) {
        // Nothing to go back.
        return false;
      }

      // Restore the remembered fragment and remove it from back fragments.
      this.replace(position, fragment);
      mBackFragments.set(position, null);
      return true;
    }

    /**
     * Returns fragment of a page at specified position.
     */
    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position) {
      // If fragment not yet initialized, create its instance.
      if (mFragments.get(position) == null) {
        switch (position) {
          case FIRST_PAGE: {
            mFragments.set(FIRST_PAGE, new DefaultFirstFragment());
          }
          break;
          case SECOND_PAGE: {
            mFragments.set(SECOND_PAGE, new DefaultSecondFragment());
          }
          break;
          case THIRD_PAGE: {
            mFragments.set(THIRD_PAGE, new DefaultThirdFragment());
          }
          break;
        }
      }

      // Return fragment instance at requested position.
      return mFragments.get(position);
    }

    /**
     * Custom item ID resolution. Needed for proper page fragment caching.
     * @see FragmentPagerAdapter#getItemId(int).
     */
    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
      // Fragments from second level page hierarchy have their ID raised above 100. This is
      // important to FragmentPagerAdapter because it is caching fragments to FragmentManager with
      // this item ID key.
      Fragment item = mFragments.get(position);
      if (item != null) {
        if ((item instanceof NewFirstFragment) || (item instanceof NewSecondFragment) ||
          (item instanceof NewThirdFragment)) {
          return 100 + position;
        }
      }

      return position;
    }

    /**
     * Returns number of pages.
     */
    @Override
    public int getCount() {
      return mFragments.size();
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object)
    {
      int position = POSITION_UNCHANGED;
      if ((object instanceof DefaultFirstFragment) || (object instanceof NewFirstFragment)) {
        if (object.getClass() != mFragments.get(FIRST_PAGE).getClass()) {
          position = POSITION_NONE;
        }
      }
      if ((object instanceof DefaultSecondragment) || (object instanceof NewSecondFragment)) {
        if (object.getClass() != mFragments.get(SECOND_PAGE).getClass()) {
          position = POSITION_NONE;
        }
      }
      if ((object instanceof DefaultThirdFragment) || (object instanceof NewThirdFragment)) {
        if (object.getClass() != mFragments.get(THIRD_PAGE).getClass()) {
          position = POSITION_NONE;
        }
      }
      return position;
    }

    private ViewPager mContainer;
    private FragmentManager mFragmentManager;

    /**
     * List of page fragments.
     */
    private List<Fragment> mFragments;

    /**
     * List of page fragments to return to in onBack();
     */
    private List<Fragment> mBackFragments;
  }

  /**
   * Tab fragments adapter.
   */
  private PagerAdapter mPagerAdapter;
}

替换viewpager中的片段是相当复杂的，但这是非常可能的，可以看起来超级光滑。首先，您需要让viewpager本身处理片段的删除和添加。发生的事情是，当你替换SearchFragment内部的片段时，你的viewpager保留它的片段视图。因此，您最终会得到一个空白页，因为当您试图替换它时，SearchFragment会被删除。

解决方案是在viewpager内部创建一个侦听器，它将处理在viewpager外部所做的更改，因此首先将这段代码添加到适配器的底部。

public interface nextFragmentListener {
    public void fragment0Changed(String newFragmentIdentification);
}

然后你需要在你的viewpager中创建一个私有类，当你想要改变你的片段时，它会成为一个监听器。例如，你可以加上这样的东西。注意，它实现了刚刚创建的接口。因此，无论何时调用此方法，它都将在下面的类中运行代码。

private final class fragmentChangeListener implements nextFragmentListener {


    @Override
    public void fragment0Changed(String fragment) {
        //I will explain the purpose of fragment0 in a moment
        fragment0 = fragment;
        manager.beginTransaction().remove(fragAt0).commit();

        switch (fragment){
            case "searchFragment":
                fragAt0 = SearchFragment.newInstance(listener);
                break;
            case "searchResultFragment":
                fragAt0 = Fragment_Table.newInstance(listener);
                break;
        }

        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

这里主要有两点需要指出:

fragAt0 is a "flexible" fragment. It can take on whatever fragment type you give it. This allows it to become your best friend in changing the fragment at position 0 to the fragment you desire. Notice the listeners that are placed in the 'newInstance(listener)constructor. These are how you will callfragment0Changed(String newFragmentIdentification)`. The following code shows how you create the listener inside of your fragment. static nextFragmentListener listenerSearch; public static Fragment_Journals newInstance(nextFragmentListener listener){ listenerSearch = listener; return new Fragment_Journals(); }

您可以在onPostExecute内部调用更改

private class SearchAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>{

    protected Void doInBackground(Void... params){
        .
        .//some more operation
        .
    }
    protected void onPostExecute(Void param){

        listenerSearch.fragment0Changed("searchResultFragment");
    }

}

这将触发viewpager内部的代码来切换位置为零位fragAt0的片段，成为一个新的searchResultFragment。在viewpager发挥作用之前，还需要添加另外两个小部件。

一个是在viewpager的getItem重写方法中。

@Override
public Fragment getItem(int index) {

    switch (index) {
    case 0:
        //this is where it will "remember" which fragment you have just selected. the key is to set a static String fragment at the top of your page that will hold the position that you had just selected.  

        if(fragAt0 == null){

            switch(fragment0){
            case "searchFragment":
                fragAt0 = FragmentSearch.newInstance(listener);
                break;
            case "searchResultsFragment":
                fragAt0 = FragmentSearchResults.newInstance(listener);
                break;
            }
        }
        return fragAt0;
    case 1:
        // Games fragment activity
        return new CreateFragment();

    }

现在，如果没有这最后一块，你仍然会得到一张白纸。有点蹩脚，但它是viewPager的必要部分。你必须重写viewpager的getItemPosition方法。通常这个方法将返回POSITION_UNCHANGED，它告诉viewpager保持所有内容相同，因此永远不会调用getItem来将新的片段放在页面上。这里有一个你可以做的例子

public int getItemPosition(Object object)
{
    //object is the current fragment displayed at position 0.  
    if(object instanceof SearchFragment && fragAt0 instanceof SearchResultFragment){
        return POSITION_NONE;
    //this condition is for when you press back
    }else if{(object instanceof SearchResultFragment && fragAt0 instanceof SearchFragment){
        return POSITION_NONE;
    }
        return POSITION_UNCHANGED
}

如我所说，代码非常复杂，但您基本上必须为您的情况创建一个自定义适配器。我所提到的内容将使更改片段成为可能。这可能需要很长时间来消化一切，所以我会有耐心，但一切都会有意义的。这是完全值得花时间的，因为它可以做出一个非常漂亮的应用程序。

这里是处理后退按钮的块。你把这个放到MainActivity中

 public void onBackPressed() {
    if(mViewPager.getCurrentItem() == 0) {
        if(pagerAdapter.getItem(0) instanceof FragmentSearchResults){
            ((Fragment_Table) pagerAdapter.getItem(0)).backPressed();
        }else if (pagerAdapter.getItem(0) instanceof FragmentSearch) {
            finish();
        }
    }

您需要在FragmentSearchResults中创建一个名为backPressed()的方法，该方法调用fragment0changed。这与我之前展示的代码一起处理按下后退按钮。祝您在更改viewpager的代码中好运。这需要大量的工作，据我所知，没有任何快速的适应。就像我说的，你基本上是在创建一个自定义viewpager适配器，并让它使用侦听器处理所有必要的更改

经过研究，我找到了短代码的解决方案。 首先，在fragment上创建一个公共实例，如果fragment没有在方向改变上重新创建，则在onSaveInstanceState上删除你的fragment。

 @Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    if (null != mCalFragment) {
        FragmentTransaction bt = getChildFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        bt.remove(mFragment);
        bt.commit();
    }
    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
}

我做了一些类似于wize的事情，但在我的回答中，你可以随时在两个片段之间更改。在改变屏幕方向之类的时候，我遇到了一些问题。这是PagerAdapter的样子:

    public class MyAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter
{
    static final int NUM_ITEMS = 2;
    private final FragmentManager mFragmentManager;
    private Fragment mFragmentAtPos0;
     private Map<Integer, String> mFragmentTags;
     private boolean isNextFragment=false;

    public MyAdapter(FragmentManager fm)
    {
        super(fm);
        mFragmentManager = fm;
         mFragmentTags = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position)
    {
        if (position == 0)
        {


            if (isPager) {
                mFragmentAtPos0 = new FirstPageFragment();
            } else {
                mFragmentAtPos0 = new NextFragment();
            }
            return mFragmentAtPos0;
        }
        else
            return SecondPageFragment.newInstance();
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount()
    {
        return NUM_ITEMS;
    }


 @Override
    public Object instantiateItem(ViewGroup container, int position) {
        Object obj = super.instantiateItem(container, position);
        if (obj instanceof Fragment) {
            // record the fragment tag here.
            Fragment f = (Fragment) obj;
            String tag = f.getTag();
            mFragmentTags.put(position, tag);
        }
        return obj;
    }


    public void onChange(boolean isNextFragment) {

        if (mFragmentAtPos0 == null)
            mFragmentAtPos0 = getFragment(0);
        if (mFragmentAtPos0 != null)
            mFragmentManager.beginTransaction().remove(mFragmentAtPos0).commit();


        if (!isNextFragment) {
            mFragmentAtFlashcards = new FirstPageFragment();
        } else {
            mFragmentAtFlashcards = new NextFragment();
        }

        notifyDataSetChanged();


    }


    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object)
    {
        if (object instanceof FirstPageFragment && mFragmentAtPos0 instanceof NextFragment)
            return POSITION_NONE;
         if (object instanceof NextFragment && mFragmentAtPos0 instanceof FirstPageFragment)
            return POSITION_NONE;
        return POSITION_UNCHANGED;
    }


    public Fragment getFragment(int position) {
        String tag = mFragmentTags.get(position);
        if (tag == null)
            return null;
        return mFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(tag);
    }
}

我在适配器容器活动中实现的侦听器，用于在附加片段时将其放到片段中，这是活动:

    public class PagerContainerActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements ChangeFragmentListener {

//...

  @Override
    public void onChange(boolean isNextFragment) {
        if (pagerAdapter != null)
            pagerAdapter.onChange(isNextFragment);


    }

//...
}

然后在片段中放置侦听器，当附加调用它:

public class FirstPageFragment extends Fragment{


private ChangeFragmentListener changeFragmentListener;


//...
 @Override
    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
        super.onAttach(activity);
        changeFragmentListener = ((PagerContainerActivity) activity);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDetach() {
        super.onDetach();
        changeFragmentListener = null;
    }
//...
//in the on click to change the fragment
changeFragmentListener.onChange(true);
//...
}

最后是听众:

public interface changeFragmentListener {

    void onChange(boolean isNextFragment);

}

Works Great with AndroidTeam's solution, however I found that I needed the ability to go back much like FrgmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null) But merely adding this will only cause the Fragment to be replaced without notifying the ViewPager. Combining the provided solution with this minor enhancement will allow you to return to the previous state by merely overriding the activity's onBackPressed() method. The biggest drawback is that it will only go back one at a time which may result in multiple back clicks

private ArrayList<Fragment> bFragments = new ArrayList<Fragment>();
private ArrayList<Integer> bPosition = new ArrayList<Integer>();

public void replaceFragmentsWithBackOut(ViewPager container, Fragment oldFragment, Fragment newFragment) {
    startUpdate(container);

    // remove old fragment

    if (mCurTransaction == null) {
         mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
     }
    int position = getFragmentPosition(oldFragment);
     while (mSavedState.size() <= position) {
         mSavedState.add(null);
     }

     //Add Fragment to Back List
     bFragments.add(oldFragment);

     //Add Pager Position to Back List
     bPosition.add(position);

     mSavedState.set(position, null);
     mFragments.set(position, null);

     mCurTransaction.remove(oldFragment);

     // add new fragment

     while (mFragments.size() <= position) {
         mFragments.add(null);
     }
     mFragments.set(position, newFragment);
     mCurTransaction.add(container.getId(), newFragment);

    finishUpdate(container);

    // ensure getItem returns newFragemtn after calling handleGetItemInbalidated()
    handleGetItemInvalidated(container, oldFragment, newFragment);

    container.notifyItemChanged(oldFragment, newFragment);
 }


public boolean popBackImmediate(ViewPager container){
    int bFragSize = bFragments.size();
    int bPosSize = bPosition.size();

    if(bFragSize>0 && bPosSize>0){
        if(bFragSize==bPosSize){
            int last = bFragSize-1;
            int position = bPosition.get(last);

            //Returns Fragment Currently at this position
            Fragment replacedFragment = mFragments.get(position);               
            Fragment originalFragment = bFragments.get(last);

            this.replaceFragments(container, replacedFragment, originalFragment);

            bPosition.remove(last);
            bFragments.remove(last);

            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;       
}

希望这能帮助到一些人。

同样，就getFragmentPosition()而言，它几乎是反向的getItem()。你知道哪些片段去哪里，只是确保你返回正确的位置它将在。这里有一个例子:

    @Override
    protected int getFragmentPosition(Fragment fragment) {
            if(fragment.equals(originalFragment1)){
                return 0;
            }
            if(fragment.equals(replacementFragment1)){
                return 0;
            }
            if(fragment.equals(Fragment2)){
                return 1;
            }
        return -1;
    }

要替换ViewPager中的片段，你可以将ViewPager、PagerAdapter和FragmentStatePagerAdapter类的源代码移动到你的项目中，并添加以下代码。

分为:viewpage:

public void notifyItemChanged(Object oldItem, Object newItem) {
    if (mItems != null) {
            for (ItemInfo itemInfo : mItems) {
                        if (itemInfo.object.equals(oldItem)) {
                                itemInfo.object = newItem;
                        }
                    }
       }
       invalidate();
    }

FragmentStatePagerAdapter:

public void replaceFragmetns(ViewPager container, Fragment oldFragment, Fragment newFragment) {
       startUpdate(container);

       // remove old fragment

       if (mCurTransaction == null) {
            mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        }
       int position = getFragmentPosition(oldFragment);
        while (mSavedState.size() <= position) {
            mSavedState.add(null);
        }
        mSavedState.set(position, null);
        mFragments.set(position, null);

        mCurTransaction.remove(oldFragment);

        // add new fragment

        while (mFragments.size() <= position) {
            mFragments.add(null);
        }
        mFragments.set(position, newFragment);
        mCurTransaction.add(container.getId(), newFragment);

       finishUpdate(container);

       // ensure getItem returns newFragemtn after calling handleGetItemInbalidated()
       handleGetItemInbalidated(container, oldFragment, newFragment);

       container.notifyItemChanged(oldFragment, newFragment);
    }

protected abstract void handleGetItemInbalidated(View container, Fragment oldFragment, Fragment newFragment);
protected abstract int  getFragmentPosition(Fragment fragment);

handleGetItemInvalidated()确保下一次调用getItem()后返回newFragment getFragmentPosition()返回片段在适配器中的位置。

现在，替换片段调用

mAdapter.replaceFragmetns(mViewPager, oldFragment, newFragment);

如果你对一个示例项目感兴趣，请向我索取资源。