经过研究，我找到了短代码的解决方案。 首先，在fragment上创建一个公共实例，如果fragment没有在方向改变上重新创建，则在onSaveInstanceState上删除你的fragment。

 @Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    if (null != mCalFragment) {
        FragmentTransaction bt = getChildFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        bt.remove(mFragment);
        bt.commit();
    }
    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
}

基于@wize的回答，我发现它很有用，也很优雅，我可以部分实现我想要的，因为我想要电缆在被替换后回到第一个片段。我稍微修改了一下他的代码就实现了。

这将是FragmentPagerAdapter:

public static class MyAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {
    private final class CalendarPageListener implements
            CalendarPageFragmentListener {
        public void onSwitchToNextFragment() {
            mFragmentManager.beginTransaction().remove(mFragmentAtPos0)
                    .commit();
            if (mFragmentAtPos0 instanceof FirstFragment){
                mFragmentAtPos0 = NextFragment.newInstance(listener);
            }else{ // Instance of NextFragment
                mFragmentAtPos0 = FirstFragment.newInstance(listener);
            }
            notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
    }

    CalendarPageListener listener = new CalendarPageListener();;
    private Fragment mFragmentAtPos0;
    private FragmentManager mFragmentManager;

    public MyAdapter(FragmentManager fm) {
        super(fm);
        mFragmentManager = fm;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return NUM_ITEMS;
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object) {
        if (object instanceof FirstFragment && mFragmentAtPos0 instanceof NextFragment)
            return POSITION_NONE;
        if (object instanceof NextFragment && mFragmentAtPos0 instanceof FirstFragment)
            return POSITION_NONE;
        return POSITION_UNCHANGED;
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position) {
        if (position == 0)
            return Portada.newInstance();
        if (position == 1) { // Position where you want to replace fragments
            if (mFragmentAtPos0 == null) {
                mFragmentAtPos0 = FirstFragment.newInstance(listener);
            }
            return mFragmentAtPos0;
        }
        if (position == 2)
            return Clasificacion.newInstance();
        if (position == 3)
            return Informacion.newInstance();

        return null;
    }
}

public interface CalendarPageFragmentListener {
    void onSwitchToNextFragment();
}

要执行替换，只需定义一个静态字段，类型为CalendarPageFragmentListener，并通过相应片段的newInstance方法初始化，并分别调用firstfragment . pagelister . onswitchtonextfragment()或nextfragment . pagelister . onswitchtonextfragment()。

我按照@wize和@mdelolmo的答案，我得到了解决方案。由于吨。但是，我稍微调整了这些解决方案，以提高内存消耗。

我观察到的问题:

它们保存被替换的Fragment实例。在我的情况下，它是一个持有MapView的片段，我认为它的成本很高。所以，我维护FragmentPagerPositionChanged (POSITION_NONE或POSITION_UNCHANGED)而不是Fragment本身。

这是我的实现。

  public static class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter {

    private SwitchFragListener mSwitchFragListener;
    private Switch mToggle;
    private int pagerAdapterPosChanged = POSITION_UNCHANGED;
    private static final int TOGGLE_ENABLE_POS = 2;


    public DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm, Switch toggle) {
        super(fm);
        mToggle = toggle;

        mSwitchFragListener = new SwitchFragListener();
        mToggle.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
                mSwitchFragListener.onSwitchToNextFragment();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int i) {
        switch (i)
        {
            case TOGGLE_ENABLE_POS:
                if(mToggle.isChecked())
                {
                    return TabReplaceFragment.getInstance();
                }else
                {
                    return DemoTab2Fragment.getInstance(i);
                }

            default:
                return DemoTabFragment.getInstance(i);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return 5;
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
        return "Tab " + (position + 1);
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object) {

        //  This check make sures getItem() is called only for the required Fragment
        if (object instanceof TabReplaceFragment
                ||  object instanceof DemoTab2Fragment)
            return pagerAdapterPosChanged;

        return POSITION_UNCHANGED;
    }

    /**
     * Switch fragments Interface implementation
     */
    private final class SwitchFragListener implements
            SwitchFragInterface {

        SwitchFragListener() {}

        public void onSwitchToNextFragment() {

            pagerAdapterPosChanged = POSITION_NONE;
            notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Interface to switch frags
     */
    private interface SwitchFragInterface{
        void onSwitchToNextFragment();
    }
}

演示链接在这里..https://youtu.be/l_62uhKkLyM

出于演示目的，在位置2处使用了两个片段TabReplaceFragment和DemoTab2Fragment。在所有其他情况下，我使用DemoTabFragment实例。

解释:

我将Switch从Activity传递到DemoCollectionPagerAdapter。基于这个开关的状态，我们将显示正确的片段。当开关检查被更改时，我调用SwitchFragListener的onSwitchToNextFragment方法，其中我将pagerAdapterPosChanged变量的值更改为POSITION_NONE。查看更多关于POSITION_NONE的信息。这将使getItem无效，我有逻辑实例化正确的片段在那里。抱歉，如果解释得有点乱的话。

再次感谢@wize和@mdelolmo的原创想法。

希望这对你有帮助。：）

如果这个实现有任何缺陷，请告诉我。那将对我的项目大有帮助。

一些提出的解决方案帮助我很多，部分解决问题，但仍有一个重要的事情，在解决方案中产生了意想不到的异常和黑页内容，而不是在某些情况下的片段内容。

问题是FragmentPagerAdapter类使用条目ID将缓存的片段存储到FragmentManager中。出于这个原因，您还需要重写getItemId(int position)方法，以便它返回例如顶级页面的位置和详细页面的100 +位置。否则，之前创建的顶级片段将从缓存返回，而不是细节级片段。

Furthermore, I'm sharing here a complete example how to implement tabs-like activity with Fragment pages using ViewPager and tab buttons using RadioGroup that allows replacement of top-level pages with detailed pages and also supports back button. This implementation supports only one level of back stacking (item list - item details) but multi-level back stacking implementation is straightforward. This example works pretty well in normal cases except of it is throwing a NullPointerException in case when you switch to e. g. second page, change the fragment of the first page (while not visible) and return back to the first page. I'll post a solution to this issue once I'll figure it out:

public class TabsActivity extends FragmentActivity {

  public static final int PAGE_COUNT = 3;
  public static final int FIRST_PAGE = 0;
  public static final int SECOND_PAGE = 1;
  public static final int THIRD_PAGE = 2;

  /**
   * Opens a new inferior page at specified tab position and adds the current page into back
   * stack.
   */
  public void startPage(int position, Fragment content) {
    // Replace page adapter fragment at position.
    mPagerAdapter.start(position, content);
  }

  @Override
  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    // Initialize basic layout.
    this.setContentView(R.layout.tabs_activity);

    // Add tab fragments to view pager.
    {
      // Create fragments adapter.
      mPagerAdapter = new PagerAdapter(pager);
      ViewPager pager = (ViewPager) super.findViewById(R.id.tabs_view_pager);
      pager.setAdapter(mPagerAdapter);

      // Update active tab in tab bar when page changes.
      pager.setOnPageChangeListener(new ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener() {
        @Override
        public void onPageScrolled(int index, float value, int nextIndex) {
          // Not used.
        }

        @Override
        public void onPageSelected(int index) {
          RadioGroup tabs_radio_group = (RadioGroup) TabsActivity.this.findViewById(
            R.id.tabs_radio_group);
          switch (index) {
            case 0: {
              tabs_radio_group.check(R.id.first_radio_button);
            }
            break;
            case 1: {
              tabs_radio_group.check(R.id.second_radio_button);
            }
            break;
            case 2: {
              tabs_radio_group.check(R.id.third_radio_button);
            }
            break;
          }
        }

        @Override
        public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int index) {
          // Not used.
        }
      });
    }

    // Set "tabs" radio group on checked change listener that changes the displayed page.
    RadioGroup radio_group = (RadioGroup) this.findViewById(R.id.tabs_radio_group);
    radio_group.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
      @Override
      public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup radioGroup, int id) {
        // Get view pager representing tabs.
        ViewPager view_pager = (ViewPager) TabsActivity.this.findViewById(R.id.tabs_view_pager);
        if (view_pager == null) {
          return;
        }

        // Change the active page.
        switch (id) {
          case R.id.first_radio_button: {
            view_pager.setCurrentItem(FIRST_PAGE);
          }
          break;
          case R.id.second_radio_button: {
            view_pager.setCurrentItem(SECOND_PAGE);
          }
          break;
          case R.id.third_radio_button: {
            view_pager.setCurrentItem(THIRD_PAGE);
          }
          break;
        }
      });
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void onBackPressed() {
    if (!mPagerAdapter.back()) {
      super.onBackPressed();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Serves the fragments when paging.
   */
  private class PagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {

    public PagerAdapter(ViewPager container) {
      super(TabsActivity.this.getSupportFragmentManager());

      mContainer = container;
      mFragmentManager = TabsActivity.this.getSupportFragmentManager();

      // Prepare "empty" list of fragments.
      mFragments = new ArrayList<Fragment>(){};
      mBackFragments = new ArrayList<Fragment>(){};
      for (int i = 0; i < PAGE_COUNT; i++) {
        mFragments.add(null);
        mBackFragments.add(null);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the view pager fragment at specified position.
     */
    public void replace(int position, Fragment fragment) {
      // Get currently active fragment.
      Fragment old_fragment = mFragments.get(position);
      if (old_fragment == null) {
        return;
      }

      // Replace the fragment using transaction and in underlaying array list.
      // NOTE .addToBackStack(null) doesn't work
      this.startUpdate(mContainer);
      mFragmentManager.beginTransaction().setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN)
        .remove(old_fragment).add(mContainer.getId(), fragment)
        .commit();
      mFragments.set(position, fragment);
      this.notifyDataSetChanged();
      this.finishUpdate(mContainer);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the fragment at specified position and stores the current fragment to back stack
     * so it can be restored by #back().
     */
    public void start(int position, Fragment fragment) {
      // Remember current fragment.
      mBackFragments.set(position, mFragments.get(position));

      // Replace the displayed fragment.
      this.replace(position, fragment);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the current fragment by fragment stored in back stack. Does nothing and returns
     * false if no fragment is back-stacked.
     */
    public boolean back() {
      int position = mContainer.getCurrentItem();
      Fragment fragment = mBackFragments.get(position);
      if (fragment == null) {
        // Nothing to go back.
        return false;
      }

      // Restore the remembered fragment and remove it from back fragments.
      this.replace(position, fragment);
      mBackFragments.set(position, null);
      return true;
    }

    /**
     * Returns fragment of a page at specified position.
     */
    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position) {
      // If fragment not yet initialized, create its instance.
      if (mFragments.get(position) == null) {
        switch (position) {
          case FIRST_PAGE: {
            mFragments.set(FIRST_PAGE, new DefaultFirstFragment());
          }
          break;
          case SECOND_PAGE: {
            mFragments.set(SECOND_PAGE, new DefaultSecondFragment());
          }
          break;
          case THIRD_PAGE: {
            mFragments.set(THIRD_PAGE, new DefaultThirdFragment());
          }
          break;
        }
      }

      // Return fragment instance at requested position.
      return mFragments.get(position);
    }

    /**
     * Custom item ID resolution. Needed for proper page fragment caching.
     * @see FragmentPagerAdapter#getItemId(int).
     */
    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
      // Fragments from second level page hierarchy have their ID raised above 100. This is
      // important to FragmentPagerAdapter because it is caching fragments to FragmentManager with
      // this item ID key.
      Fragment item = mFragments.get(position);
      if (item != null) {
        if ((item instanceof NewFirstFragment) || (item instanceof NewSecondFragment) ||
          (item instanceof NewThirdFragment)) {
          return 100 + position;
        }
      }

      return position;
    }

    /**
     * Returns number of pages.
     */
    @Override
    public int getCount() {
      return mFragments.size();
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object)
    {
      int position = POSITION_UNCHANGED;
      if ((object instanceof DefaultFirstFragment) || (object instanceof NewFirstFragment)) {
        if (object.getClass() != mFragments.get(FIRST_PAGE).getClass()) {
          position = POSITION_NONE;
        }
      }
      if ((object instanceof DefaultSecondragment) || (object instanceof NewSecondFragment)) {
        if (object.getClass() != mFragments.get(SECOND_PAGE).getClass()) {
          position = POSITION_NONE;
        }
      }
      if ((object instanceof DefaultThirdFragment) || (object instanceof NewThirdFragment)) {
        if (object.getClass() != mFragments.get(THIRD_PAGE).getClass()) {
          position = POSITION_NONE;
        }
      }
      return position;
    }

    private ViewPager mContainer;
    private FragmentManager mFragmentManager;

    /**
     * List of page fragments.
     */
    private List<Fragment> mFragments;

    /**
     * List of page fragments to return to in onBack();
     */
    private List<Fragment> mBackFragments;
  }

  /**
   * Tab fragments adapter.
   */
  private PagerAdapter mPagerAdapter;
}

这就是我实现目标的方法。

首先，在viewPager标签中添加Root_fragment，你想在其中实现按钮点击片段事件。例子;

@Override
public Fragment getItem(int position) {
  if(position==0)
      return RootTabFragment.newInstance();
  else
      return SecondPagerFragment.newInstance();
}

首先，RootTabFragment应该包含FragmentLayout来改变片段。

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
   android:id="@+id/root_frame"
   android:layout_width="match_parent"
   android:layout_height="match_parent">
</FrameLayout>

然后，在RootTabFragment onCreateView内部，实现FirstPagerFragment的fragmentChange

getChildFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.root_frame, FirstPagerFragment.newInstance()).commit();

在那之后，实现onClick事件为您的按钮在FirstPagerFragment和使片段改变像那样再次。

getChildFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.root_frame, NextFragment.newInstance()).commit();

希望这对你们有帮助。

我已经实现了一个解决方案:

标签内的动态片段替换 维护每个选项卡的历史记录 处理方向变化

实现这一目标的技巧如下:

使用notifyDataSetChanged()方法来应用片段替换 片段管理器只用于后台，而不用于片段替换 使用纪念品模式(堆栈)维护历史记录

适配器代码如下:

public class TabsAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter implements ActionBar.TabListener, ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener {

/** The sherlock fragment activity. */
private final SherlockFragmentActivity mActivity;

/** The action bar. */
private final ActionBar mActionBar;

/** The pager. */
private final ViewPager mPager;

/** The tabs. */
private List<TabInfo> mTabs = new LinkedList<TabInfo>();

/** The total number of tabs. */
private int TOTAL_TABS;

private Map<Integer, Stack<TabInfo>> history = new HashMap<Integer, Stack<TabInfo>>();

/**
 * Creates a new instance.
 *
 * @param activity the activity
 * @param pager    the pager
 */
public TabsAdapter(SherlockFragmentActivity activity, ViewPager pager) {
    super(activity.getSupportFragmentManager());
    activity.getSupportFragmentManager();
    this.mActivity = activity;
    this.mActionBar = activity.getSupportActionBar();
    this.mPager = pager;
    mActionBar.setNavigationMode(ActionBar.NAVIGATION_MODE_TABS);
}

/**
 * Adds the tab.
 *
 * @param image         the image
 * @param fragmentClass the class
 * @param args          the arguments
 */
public void addTab(final Drawable image, final Class fragmentClass, final Bundle args) {
    final TabInfo tabInfo = new TabInfo(fragmentClass, args);
    final ActionBar.Tab tab = mActionBar.newTab();
    tab.setTabListener(this);
    tab.setTag(tabInfo);
    tab.setIcon(image);

    mTabs.add(tabInfo);
    mActionBar.addTab(tab);

    notifyDataSetChanged();
}

@Override
public Fragment getItem(final int position) {
    final TabInfo tabInfo = mTabs.get(position);
    return Fragment.instantiate(mActivity, tabInfo.fragmentClass.getName(), tabInfo.args);
}

@Override
public int getItemPosition(final Object object) {
    /* Get the current position. */
    int position = mActionBar.getSelectedTab().getPosition();

    /* The default value. */
    int pos = POSITION_NONE;
    if (history.get(position).isEmpty()) {
        return POSITION_NONE;
    }

    /* Checks if the object exists in current history. */
    for (Stack<TabInfo> stack : history.values()) {
        TabInfo c = stack.peek();
        if (c.fragmentClass.getName().equals(object.getClass().getName())) {
            pos = POSITION_UNCHANGED;
            break;
        }
    }
    return pos;
}

@Override
public int getCount() {
    return mTabs.size();
}

@Override
public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int arg0) {
}

@Override
public void onPageScrolled(int arg0, float arg1, int arg2) {
}

@Override
public void onPageSelected(int position) {
    mActionBar.setSelectedNavigationItem(position);
}

@Override
public void onTabSelected(final ActionBar.Tab tab, final FragmentTransaction ft) {
    TabInfo tabInfo = (TabInfo) tab.getTag();
    for (int i = 0; i < mTabs.size(); i++) {
        if (mTabs.get(i).equals(tabInfo)) {
            mPager.setCurrentItem(i);
        }
    }
}

@Override
public void onTabUnselected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {
}

@Override
public void onTabReselected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {
}

public void replace(final int position, final Class fragmentClass, final Bundle args) {
    /* Save the fragment to the history. */
    mActivity.getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().addToBackStack(null).commit();

    /* Update the tabs. */
    updateTabs(new TabInfo(fragmentClass, args), position);

    /* Updates the history. */
    history.get(position).push(new TabInfo(mTabs.get(position).fragmentClass, mTabs.get(position).args));

    notifyDataSetChanged();
}

/**
 * Updates the tabs.
 *
 * @param tabInfo
 *          the new tab info
 * @param position
 *          the position
 */
private void updateTabs(final TabInfo tabInfo, final int position) {
    mTabs.remove(position);
    mTabs.add(position, tabInfo);
    mActionBar.getTabAt(position).setTag(tabInfo);
}

/**
 * Creates the history using the current state.
 */
public void createHistory() {
    int position = 0;
    TOTAL_TABS = mTabs.size();
    for (TabInfo mTab : mTabs) {
        if (history.get(position) == null) {
            history.put(position, new Stack<TabInfo>());
        }
        history.get(position).push(new TabInfo(mTab.fragmentClass, mTab.args));
        position++;
    }
}

/**
 * Called on back
 */
public void back() {
    int position = mActionBar.getSelectedTab().getPosition();
    if (!historyIsEmpty(position)) {
        /* In case there is not any other item in the history, then finalize the activity. */
        if (isLastItemInHistory(position)) {
            mActivity.finish();
        }
        final TabInfo currentTabInfo = getPrevious(position);
        mTabs.clear();
        for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_TABS; i++) {
            if (i == position) {
                mTabs.add(new TabInfo(currentTabInfo.fragmentClass, currentTabInfo.args));
            } else {
                TabInfo otherTabInfo = history.get(i).peek();
                mTabs.add(new TabInfo(otherTabInfo.fragmentClass, otherTabInfo.args));
            }
        }
    }
    mActionBar.selectTab(mActionBar.getTabAt(position));
    notifyDataSetChanged();
}

/**
 * Returns if the history is empty.
 *
 * @param position
 *          the position
 * @return  the flag if empty
 */
private boolean historyIsEmpty(final int position) {
    return history == null || history.isEmpty() || history.get(position).isEmpty();
}

private boolean isLastItemInHistory(final int position) {
    return history.get(position).size() == 1;
}

/**
 * Returns the previous state by the position provided.
 *
 * @param position
 *          the position
 * @return  the tab info
 */
private TabInfo getPrevious(final int position) {
    TabInfo currentTabInfo = history.get(position).pop();
    if (!history.get(position).isEmpty()) {
        currentTabInfo = history.get(position).peek();
    }
    return currentTabInfo;
}

/** The tab info class */
private static class TabInfo {

    /** The fragment class. */
    public Class fragmentClass;

    /** The args.*/
    public Bundle args;

    /**
     * Creates a new instance.
     *
     * @param fragmentClass
     *          the fragment class
     * @param args
     *          the args
     */
    public TabInfo(Class fragmentClass, Bundle args) {
        this.fragmentClass = fragmentClass;
        this.args = args;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object o) {
        return this.fragmentClass.getName().equals(o.getClass().getName());
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return fragmentClass.getName() != null ? fragmentClass.getName().hashCode() : 0;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "TabInfo{" +
                "fragmentClass=" + fragmentClass +
                '}';
    }
}

第一次添加所有选项卡时，我们需要调用createHistory()方法来创建初始历史记录

public void createHistory() {
    int position = 0;
    TOTAL_TABS = mTabs.size();
    for (TabInfo mTab : mTabs) {
        if (history.get(position) == null) {
            history.put(position, new Stack<TabInfo>());
        }
        history.get(position).push(new TabInfo(mTab.fragmentClass, mTab.args));
        position++;
    }
}

每次你想要替换一个片段到一个特定的标签，你调用: replace(final int position, final Class fragmentClass, final Bundle args)

/* Save the fragment to the history. */
    mActivity.getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().addToBackStack(null).commit();

    /* Update the tabs. */
    updateTabs(new TabInfo(fragmentClass, args), position);

    /* Updates the history. */
    history.get(position).push(new TabInfo(mTabs.get(position).fragmentClass, mTabs.get(position).args));

    notifyDataSetChanged();

在back被按下时，你需要调用back()方法:

public void back() {
    int position = mActionBar.getSelectedTab().getPosition();
    if (!historyIsEmpty(position)) {
        /* In case there is not any other item in the history, then finalize the activity. */
        if (isLastItemInHistory(position)) {
            mActivity.finish();
        }
        final TabInfo currentTabInfo = getPrevious(position);
        mTabs.clear();
        for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_TABS; i++) {
            if (i == position) {
                mTabs.add(new TabInfo(currentTabInfo.fragmentClass, currentTabInfo.args));
            } else {
                TabInfo otherTabInfo = history.get(i).peek();
                mTabs.add(new TabInfo(otherTabInfo.fragmentClass, otherTabInfo.args));
            }
        }
    }
    mActionBar.selectTab(mActionBar.getTabAt(position));
    notifyDataSetChanged();
}

解决方案与夏洛克动作栏和滑动手势。