public class RequestHandler {

    public String sendPostRequest(String requestURL,
                                  HashMap<String, String> postDataParams) {

        URL url;

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        try {
            url = new URL(requestURL);

            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            conn.setReadTimeout(15000);
            conn.setConnectTimeout(15000);
            conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            conn.setDoOutput(true);


            OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
            BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(
                    new OutputStreamWriter(os, "UTF-8"));
            writer.write(getPostDataString(postDataParams));

            writer.flush();
            writer.close();
            os.close();
            int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();

            if (responseCode == HttpsURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
                sb = new StringBuilder();
                String response;
                while ((response = br.readLine()) != null){
                    sb.append(response);
                }
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    private String getPostDataString(HashMap<String, String> params) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
        boolean first = true;
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
            if (first)
                first = false;
            else
                result.append("&");

            result.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), "UTF-8"));
            result.append("=");
            result.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"));
        }

        return result.toString();
    }

}

在我看来，线程并不是进行套接字连接的最有效的方式，但它们确实在运行线程方面提供了最多的功能。我这么说是因为根据经验，长时间运行线程会导致设备非常热且资源密集。即使是一个简单的while(正确)也会在几分钟内使手机发热。如果你说UI交互不重要，也许AsyncTask是好的，因为它们是为长期流程设计的。这只是我的看法。

更新

请忽略我以上的回答!早在2011年，我就回答了这个问题，当时我对Android的经验远不如现在。我上面的回答是误导性的，被认为是错误的。我把它留在那里，因为很多人在下面评论纠正我，我已经吸取了教训。

There are far better other answers on this thread, but I will at least give me more proper answer. There is nothing wrong with using a regular Java Thread; however, you should really be careful about how you implement it because doing it wrong can be very processor intensive (most notable symptom can be your device heating up). AsyncTasks are pretty ideal for most tasks that you want to run in the background (common examples are disk I/O, network calls, and database calls). However, AsyncTasks shouldn't be used for particularly long processes that may need to continue after the user has closed your app or put their device to standby. I would say for most cases, anything that doesn't belong in the UI thread, can be taken care of in an AsyncTask.

就像Vogella网站上关于Android后台处理的教程，AsyncTask和Loaders一样:

Handler类可用于注册到线程，并提供一个简单的通道将数据发送到该线程。

AsyncTask类封装了后台进程的创建和与主线程的同步。它还支持报告正在运行的任务的进度。

线程基本上是多线程的核心元素，开发人员使用它有以下缺点:

如果您使用Java线程，则必须处理以下需求 在你自己的代码中: 如果将结果返回到用户界面，则与主线程同步 没有取消线程的默认值 没有默认线程池 Android中没有处理配置更改的默认值

关于AsyncTask，正如Android开发者参考所说:

AsyncTask enables proper and easy use of the UI thread. This class allows to perform background operations and publish results on the UI thread without having to manipulate threads and/or handlers. AsyncTask is designed to be a helper class around Thread and Handler and does not constitute a generic threading framework. AsyncTasks should ideally be used for short operations (a few seconds at the most.) If you need to keep threads running for long periods of time, it is highly recommended you use the various APIs provided by the java.util.concurrent package such as Executor, ThreadPoolExecutor and FutureTask.

2015年5月更新:我找到了一个涵盖这个主题的优秀系列讲座。

这是谷歌搜索:道格拉斯施密特讲座android并发和同步 这是YouTube上第一节课的视频 所有这些都是来自范德堡大学的CS 282 (2013): Android系统编程的一部分。这是YouTube播放列表 道格拉斯·施密特似乎是个出色的讲师

重要提示:如果你正在考虑使用AsyncTask来解决线程问题，你应该首先检查ReactiveX/RxAndroid，以获得更合适的编程模式。有一个很好的资源可以让你得到一个概览，那就是学习RxJava 2 for Android的例子。

让我试着用一个例子来回答这个问题:)- MyImageSearch[请参考这里的主活动屏幕的图像-包含编辑文本/搜索按钮/网格视图]

MyImageSearch -一旦用户在编辑文本字段输入详细信息并单击搜索按钮，我们将通过flickr提供的web服务在互联网上搜索图像(您只需要在那里注册以获得密钥/秘密令牌)-对于搜索，我们发送一个HTTP请求和get JSON数据返回响应，其中包含个人图像的url，然后我们将使用它来加载网格视图。

My Implementation - In the main activity I will define a inner class which extends the AsyncTask to send the HTTP Request in doInBackGround Method and fetch the JSON Response and update my local ArrayList of FlickrItems which I am going to use to update my GridView via the FlickrAdapter (extends the BaseAdapter) and call the adapter.notifyDataSetChanged() in the onPostExecute() of AsyncTask to reload the grid view. Note that here the HTTP Request is a blocking call because of which I have done it via the AsyncTask. And, I can cache the items in adapter to increase the performance or store them on SDCard. The grid that I will be inflating in the FlickrAdapter contains in my implementation a progressbar and image view. Below you can find the code for mainActivity which I used.

现在回答问题- 因此，一旦我们获得了用于获取单个图像的JSON数据，我们就可以实现通过Handlers或线程或AsyncTask在后台获取图像的逻辑。我们应该注意到，由于我的图像一旦下载就必须显示在UI/主线程上，我们不能简单地使用线程，因为它们不能访问上下文。 在FlickrAdapter中，我能想到的选择:

Choice 1: Create a LooperThread [extends thread] - and keep on downloading images sequentially in one thread by keeping this thread open [looper.loop()] Choice 2: Make use of a Thread Pool and post the runnable via myHandler which contains reference to my ImageView, but since the views in Grid View are recycled, again the problem might arise where image at index 4 is displayed at index 9 [download may take more time] Choice 3 [I used this]: Make use of a Thread Pool and send a message to myHandler, which contains data related to ImageView's index and ImageView itself, so while doing handleMessage() we will update the ImageView only if currentIndex matches the index of the Image we tried to download. Choice 4: Make use of AsyncTask to download the images in background, but here I will not have access to the number of threads I want in the thread pool and it varies with different android version, but in Choice 3 I can make of conscious decision of the size of thread pool depending on device configuration being used.

以下是源代码:

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

    GridView imageGridView;
    ArrayList<FlickrItem> items = new ArrayList<FlickrItem>();
    FlickrAdapter adapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        imageGridView = (GridView) findViewById(R.id.gridView1);
        adapter = new FlickrAdapter(this, items);
        imageGridView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

    // To avoid a memory leak on configuration change making it a inner class
    class FlickrDownloader extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {



        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
            FlickrGetter getter = new FlickrGetter();

            ArrayList<FlickrItem> newItems = getter.fetchItems();

            // clear the existing array
            items.clear();

            // add the new items to the array
            items.addAll(newItems);

            // is this correct ? - Wrong rebuilding the list view and should not be done in background
            //adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

            return null;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Void result) {
            super.onPostExecute(result);

            adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
        }

    }

    public void search(View view) {
        // get the flickr data
        FlickrDownloader downloader = new FlickrDownloader();
        downloader.execute();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

我希望我的回答虽然很长，但将有助于理解一些更精细的细节。

这取决于选择哪一个是基于需求的

Handler主要用于从其他线程切换到主线程，Handler附加到一个循环器，它在队列中发布其可运行任务。 所以如果你已经在其他线程和切换到主线程，那么你需要处理而不是异步任务或其他线程

如果在主线程之外创建的Handler不是一个looper，则不会在线程创建Handler时给出错误，该线程需要被创建为lopper

AsyncTask用于执行在后台线程上运行的代码，并将其结果传递给主线程 ** *异步任务限制 1. 异步任务不附加到活动的生命周期，即使它的活动被破坏，它也会继续运行，而加载器没有这个限制 2. 所有异步任务共享相同的后台线程执行，这也会影响应用程序的性能

线程在应用程序中用于后台工作，但它在主线程上没有任何回调。 如果要求适合一些线程，而不是一个线程，需要给任务很多次，那么线程池执行器是更好的选择。Eg要求图像加载从多个url像滑翔。

AsyncTask用于执行一些后台计算并将结果发布到UI线程(带有可选的进度更新)。既然你不关心UI，那么处理器或线程似乎更合适。

您可以生成一个后台线程，并通过使用处理程序的post方法将消息传递回主线程。