看看这段c#代码:
byte x = 1;
byte y = 2;
byte z = x + y; // ERROR: Cannot implicitly convert type 'int' to 'byte'
在字节(或短)类型上执行的任何数学运算的结果都隐式地转换回整数。解决方案是显式地将结果转换回一个字节:
byte z = (byte)(x + y); // this works
我想知道的是为什么?是建筑吗?哲学吗?
我们有:
Int + Int = Int
长+长=长
浮+浮=浮
Double + Double = Double
所以为什么不呢:
字节+字节=字节
空头+空头=空头?
一点背景知识:我正在对“小数字”(即< 8)执行一个长列表的计算,并将中间结果存储在一个大数组中。使用字节数组(而不是int数组)更快(因为缓存命中)。但是大量的字节强制转换散布在代码中,使得代码更加难以阅读。
除了所有其他伟大的评论,我想我要添加一个小花絮。很多评论都想知道为什么int、long和几乎任何其他数字类型都不遵循这个规则…返回一个“更大”的类型以响应算术。
A lot of answers have had to do with performance (well, 32bits is faster than 8bits). In reality, an 8bit number is still a 32bit number to a 32bit CPU....even if you add two bytes, the chunk of data the cpu operates on is going to be 32bits regardless...so adding ints is not going to be any "faster" than adding two bytes...its all the same to the cpu. NOW, adding two ints WILL be faster than adding two longs on a 32bit processor, because adding two longs requires more microops since you're working with numbers wider than the processors word.
I think the fundamental reason for causing byte arithmetic to result in ints is pretty clear and straight forward: 8bits just doesn't go very far! :D With 8 bits, you have an unsigned range of 0-255. That's not a whole lot of room to work with...the likelyhood that you are going to run into a bytes limitations is VERY high when using them in arithmetic. However, the chance that you're going to run out of bits when working with ints, or longs, or doubles, etc. is significantly lower...low enough that we very rarely encounter the need for more.
从字节到int的自动转换是合乎逻辑的,因为字节的规模是如此之小。从整型到长型,从浮点数到双精度浮点数等自动转换是不符合逻辑的,因为这些数字具有显著的比例。
我想我以前在什么地方见过这个。从这篇文章,旧的新事物:
假设我们生活在一个幻想的世界
对'byte'的操作导致了什么
“字节”。
byte b = 32;
byte c = 240;
int i = b + c; // what is i?
在这个幻想世界里,i的值
应该是16岁!为什么?因为这两个
+操作符的操作数都是
字节,因此“b+c”的和计算为
一个字节,由于
整数溢出。(而且,正如我所指出的
之前,整数溢出是新的
安全攻击向量。)
编辑:Raymond实质上是在捍卫C和c++最初采用的方法。在评论中,他从语言向后兼容的角度为c#采用了相同的方法进行了辩护。