避免生成

Since you typically(1) don't have direct control over their lifetime, autoreleased objects can persist for a comparatively long time and unnecessarily increase the memory footprint of your application. Whilst on the desktop this may be of little consequence, on more constrained platforms this can be a significant issue. On all platforms, therefore, and especially on more constrained platforms, it is considered best practice to avoid using methods that would lead to autoreleased objects and instead you are encouraged to use the alloc/init pattern.

因此，而不是:

aVariable = [AClass convenienceMethod];

在可能的情况下，你应该使用:

aVariable = [[AClass alloc] init];
// do things with aVariable
[aVariable release];

当您编写自己的方法返回新创建的对象时，您可以利用Cocoa的命名约定，通过在方法名前加上“new”来标记接收方必须释放该对象。

因此，与其:

- (MyClass *)convenienceMethod {
    MyClass *instance = [[[self alloc] init] autorelease];
    // configure instance
    return instance;
}

你可以这样写:

- (MyClass *)newInstance {
    MyClass *instance = [[self alloc] init];
    // configure instance
    return instance;
}

因为方法名以"new"开头，你的API的使用者知道他们负责释放接收到的对象(例如，看NSObjectController的newObject方法)。

你可以通过使用你自己的本地自动释放池来控制。有关这方面的更多信息，请参见自动释放池。

不要忘记NSWindowController和NSViewController会释放它们所控制的NIB文件的顶级对象。

如果手动加载NIB文件，则在使用完该NIB的顶级对象后，需要负责释放它们。

其中一些已经被提到过，但以下是我能想到的:

Follow KVO naming rules. Even if you don't use KVO now, in my experience often times it's still beneficial in the future. And if you are using KVO or bindings, you need to know things are going work the way they are supposed to. This covers not just accessor methods and instance variables, but to-many relationships, validation, auto-notifying dependent keys, and so on. Put private methods in a category. Not just the interface, but the implementation as well. It's good to have some distance conceptually between private and non-private methods. I include everything in my .m file. Put background thread methods in a category. Same as above. I've found it's good to keep a clear conceptual barrier when you're thinking about what's on the main thread and what's not. Use #pragma mark [section]. Usually I group by my own methods, each subclass's overrides, and any information or formal protocols. This makes it a lot easier to jump to exactly what I'm looking for. On the same topic, group similar methods (like a table view's delegate methods) together, don't just stick them anywhere. Prefix private methods & ivars with _. I like the way it looks, and I'm less likely to use an ivar when I mean a property by accident. Don't use mutator methods / properties in init & dealloc. I've never had anything bad happen because of it, but I can see the logic if you change the method to do something that depends on the state of your object. Put IBOutlets in properties. I actually just read this one here, but I'm going to start doing it. Regardless of any memory benefits, it seems better stylistically (at least to me). Avoid writing code you don't absolutely need. This really covers a lot of things, like making ivars when a #define will do, or caching an array instead of sorting it each time the data is needed. There's a lot I could say about this, but the bottom line is don't write code until you need it, or the profiler tells you to. It makes things a lot easier to maintain in the long run. Finish what you start. Having a lot of half-finished, buggy code is the fastest way to kill a project dead. If you need a stub method that's fine, just indicate it by putting NSLog( @"stub" ) inside, or however you want to keep track of things.

避免生成

Since you typically(1) don't have direct control over their lifetime, autoreleased objects can persist for a comparatively long time and unnecessarily increase the memory footprint of your application. Whilst on the desktop this may be of little consequence, on more constrained platforms this can be a significant issue. On all platforms, therefore, and especially on more constrained platforms, it is considered best practice to avoid using methods that would lead to autoreleased objects and instead you are encouraged to use the alloc/init pattern.

因此，而不是:

aVariable = [AClass convenienceMethod];

在可能的情况下，你应该使用:

aVariable = [[AClass alloc] init];
// do things with aVariable
[aVariable release];

当您编写自己的方法返回新创建的对象时，您可以利用Cocoa的命名约定，通过在方法名前加上“new”来标记接收方必须释放该对象。

因此，与其:

- (MyClass *)convenienceMethod {
    MyClass *instance = [[[self alloc] init] autorelease];
    // configure instance
    return instance;
}

你可以这样写:

- (MyClass *)newInstance {
    MyClass *instance = [[self alloc] init];
    // configure instance
    return instance;
}

因为方法名以"new"开头，你的API的使用者知道他们负责释放接收到的对象(例如，看NSObjectController的newObject方法)。

你可以通过使用你自己的本地自动释放池来控制。有关这方面的更多信息，请参见自动释放池。

声明属性

对于所有属性，您通常应该使用Objective-C 2.0声明属性特性。如果它们不是公共的，将它们添加到类扩展中。使用声明的属性使内存管理语义立即清晰，并使您更容易检查dealloc方法——如果您将属性声明分组在一起，您可以快速扫描它们并与dealloc方法的实现进行比较。

在不将属性标记为“nonatomic”之前，您应该仔细考虑一下。正如《Objective C编程语言指南》所指出的，属性在默认情况下是原子的，并且会产生相当大的开销。此外，简单地将所有属性都设置为原子化并不能使应用程序具有线程安全性。当然，还要注意，如果你没有指定“nonatomic”，并且实现你自己的访问方法(而不是合成它们)，你必须以原子的方式实现它们。

我看到的苹果提供的示例将App委托视为一个全局数据存储，一种数据管理器。这是错误的。创建一个单例，并在App委托中实例化它，但不要将App委托用作应用程序级事件处理以外的任何东西。我衷心赞同这篇博客文章中的建议。这条线索暴露了我。