我如何使Python字典成员访问通过点“。”?
例如,我想写mydict.val而不是mydict['val']。
我还想以这种方式访问嵌套字典。例如
mydict.mydict2.val
会提到
mydict = { 'mydict2': { 'val': ... } }
我如何使Python字典成员访问通过点“。”?
例如,我想写mydict.val而不是mydict['val']。
我还想以这种方式访问嵌套字典。例如
mydict.mydict2.val
会提到
mydict = { 'mydict2': { 'val': ... } }
当前回答
如果你已经在使用pandas,你可以构造一个pandas Series或DataFrame,从中你可以通过点语法访问项目:
1级字典:
import pandas as pd
my_dictionary = pd.Series({
'key1': 'value1',
'key2': 'value2'
})
print(my_dictionary.key1)
# Output: value1
2级字典:
import pandas as pd
my_dictionary = pd.DataFrame({
'key1': {
'inner_key1': 'value1'
},
'key2': {
'inner_key2': 'value2'
}
})
print(my_dictionary.key1.inner_key1)
# Output: value1
请注意,这可能在规范化数据结构(其中每个字典条目都具有相同的结构)下工作得更好。在上面的第二个例子中,得到的DataFrame是:
key1 key2
inner_key1 value1 NaN
inner_key2 NaN value2
其他回答
我试了一下:
class dotdict(dict):
def __getattr__(self, name):
return self[name]
你也可以尝试__getattribute__。
使每个字典都是一种类型的dotdict就足够了,如果你想从多层字典初始化它,也可以尝试实现__init__。
我一直把它保存在util文件中。您也可以在自己的类中使用它作为mixin。
class dotdict(dict):
"""dot.notation access to dictionary attributes"""
__getattr__ = dict.get
__setattr__ = dict.__setitem__
__delattr__ = dict.__delitem__
mydict = {'val':'it works'}
nested_dict = {'val':'nested works too'}
mydict = dotdict(mydict)
mydict.val
# 'it works'
mydict.nested = dotdict(nested_dict)
mydict.nested.val
# 'nested works too'
def dict_to_object(dick):
# http://stackoverflow.com/a/1305663/968442
class Struct:
def __init__(self, **entries):
self.__dict__.update(entries)
return Struct(**dick)
如果一个人决定永久地将字典转换为对象,这应该做到。您可以在访问之前创建一个丢弃对象。
d = dict_to_object(d)
可以使用dotsi来支持完整列表、dict和递归,并使用一些扩展方法
pip install dotsi
and
>>> import dotsi
>>>
>>> d = dotsi.Dict({"foo": {"bar": "baz"}}) # Basic
>>> d.foo.bar
'baz'
>>> d.users = [{"id": 0, "name": "Alice"}] # List
>>> d.users[0].name
'Alice'
>>> d.users.append({"id": 1, "name": "Becca"}); # Append
>>> d.users[1].name
'Becca'
>>> d.users += [{"id": 2, "name": "Cathy"}]; # `+=`
>>> d.users[2].name
'Cathy'
>>> d.update({"tasks": [{"id": "a", "text": "Task A"}]});
>>> d.tasks[0].text
'Task A'
>>> d.tasks[0].tags = ["red", "white", "blue"];
>>> d.tasks[0].tags[2];
'blue'
>>> d.tasks[0].pop("tags") # `.pop()`
['red', 'white', 'blue']
>>>
>>> import pprint
>>> pprint.pprint(d)
{'foo': {'bar': 'baz'},
'tasks': [{'id': 'a', 'text': 'Task A'}],
'users': [{'id': 0, 'name': 'Alice'},
{'id': 1, 'name': 'Becca'},
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Cathy'}]}
>>>
>>> type(d.users) # dotsi.Dict (AKA dotsi.DotsiDict)
<class 'dotsi.DotsiList'>
>>> type(d.users[0]) # dotsi.List (AKA dotsi.DotsiList)
<class 'dotsi.DotsiDict'>
>>>
基于Kugel的回答,并考虑到Mike Graham的警告,如果我们制作一个包装器呢?
class DictWrap(object):
""" Wrap an existing dict, or create a new one, and access with either dot
notation or key lookup.
The attribute _data is reserved and stores the underlying dictionary.
When using the += operator with create=True, the empty nested dict is
replaced with the operand, effectively creating a default dictionary
of mixed types.
args:
d({}): Existing dict to wrap, an empty dict is created by default
create(True): Create an empty, nested dict instead of raising a KeyError
example:
>>>dw = DictWrap({'pp':3})
>>>dw.a.b += 2
>>>dw.a.b += 2
>>>dw.a['c'] += 'Hello'
>>>dw.a['c'] += ' World'
>>>dw.a.d
>>>print dw._data
{'a': {'c': 'Hello World', 'b': 4, 'd': {}}, 'pp': 3}
"""
def __init__(self, d=None, create=True):
if d is None:
d = {}
supr = super(DictWrap, self)
supr.__setattr__('_data', d)
supr.__setattr__('__create', create)
def __getattr__(self, name):
try:
value = self._data[name]
except KeyError:
if not super(DictWrap, self).__getattribute__('__create'):
raise
value = {}
self._data[name] = value
if hasattr(value, 'items'):
create = super(DictWrap, self).__getattribute__('__create')
return DictWrap(value, create)
return value
def __setattr__(self, name, value):
self._data[name] = value
def __getitem__(self, key):
try:
value = self._data[key]
except KeyError:
if not super(DictWrap, self).__getattribute__('__create'):
raise
value = {}
self._data[key] = value
if hasattr(value, 'items'):
create = super(DictWrap, self).__getattribute__('__create')
return DictWrap(value, create)
return value
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
self._data[key] = value
def __iadd__(self, other):
if self._data:
raise TypeError("A Nested dict will only be replaced if it's empty")
else:
return other