在极少数情况下，我想要测试私有函数，我通常会将它们修改为受保护的，并且我已经编写了一个带有公共包装器函数的子类。

类:

...

protected void APrivateFunction()
{
    ...
}

...

测试子类:

...

[Test]
public void TestAPrivateFunction()
{
    APrivateFunction();
    //or whatever testing code you want here
}

...

在调试模式下构建时，你也可以将其声明为public或internal(使用InternalsVisibleToAttribute):

    /// <summary>
    /// This Method is private.
    /// </summary>
#if DEBUG
    public
#else
    private
#endif
    static string MyPrivateMethod()
    {
        return "false";
    }

它使代码膨胀，但在发布版本中它将是私有的。

I don't agree with the "you should only be interested in testing the external interface" philosophy. It's a bit like saying that a car repair shop should only have tests to see if the wheels turn. Yes, ultimately I'm interested in the external behavior but I like my own, private, internal tests to be a bit more specific and to the point. Yes, if I refactor, I may have to change some of the tests, but unless it's a massive refactor, I'll only have to change a few and the fact that the other (unchanged) internal tests still work is a great indicator that the refactoring has been successful.

You can try to cover all internal cases using only the public interface and theoretically it's possible to test every internal method (or at least every one that matters) entirely by using the public interface but you may have to end up standing on your head to achieve this and the connection between the test cases being run through the public interface and the internal portion of the solution they're designed to test may be difficult or impossible to discern. Having pointed, individual tests that guarantee that the internal machinery is working properly is well worth the minor test changes that come about with refactoring - at least that's been my experience. If you have to make huge changes to your tests for every refactoring, then maybe this doesn't make sense, but in that case, maybe you ought to rethink your design entirely. A good design should be flexible enough to allow for most changes without massive redesigns.

在我看来，你应该只对类的公共API进行单元测试。

为了对方法进行单元测试，将其设为公共，会破坏封装，暴露实现细节。

一个好的公共API解决了客户端代码的直接目标，并且完全解决了这个目标。

还请注意，internalsvisibletoattribute有一个要求，您的程序集必须是强命名的，如果您在一个以前没有这个要求的解决方案中工作，这就会产生它自己的一组问题。我使用访问器来测试私有方法。请看这个问题的例子。

将它们声明为内部的，然后使用InternalsVisibleToAttribute允许单元测试程序集看到它们。