测试私有方法可能没有用处。然而，我有时也喜欢从测试方法调用私有方法。大多数时候为了防止代码重复用于测试数据生成…

微软为此提供了两种机制:

访问器

转到类定义的源代码 右键单击类名 选择“创建私有访问器” 选择要在其中创建访问器的项目 你将得到一个名为foo_accessor的新类。 该类将在编译期间动态生成，并提供所有公共成员。

然而，当涉及到原始类的接口更改时，该机制有时有点棘手。所以，大多数时候我避免使用这个。

PrivateObject类 另一种方法是使用microsoft。visualstudio。testtools。unittest。privateobject

// Wrap an already existing instance
PrivateObject accessor = new PrivateObject( objectInstanceToBeWrapped );

// Retrieve a private field
MyReturnType accessiblePrivateField = (MyReturnType) accessor.GetField( "privateFieldName" );

// Call a private method
accessor.Invoke( "PrivateMethodName", new Object[] {/* ... */} );

I don't agree with the "you should only be interested in testing the external interface" philosophy. It's a bit like saying that a car repair shop should only have tests to see if the wheels turn. Yes, ultimately I'm interested in the external behavior but I like my own, private, internal tests to be a bit more specific and to the point. Yes, if I refactor, I may have to change some of the tests, but unless it's a massive refactor, I'll only have to change a few and the fact that the other (unchanged) internal tests still work is a great indicator that the refactoring has been successful.

You can try to cover all internal cases using only the public interface and theoretically it's possible to test every internal method (or at least every one that matters) entirely by using the public interface but you may have to end up standing on your head to achieve this and the connection between the test cases being run through the public interface and the internal portion of the solution they're designed to test may be difficult or impossible to discern. Having pointed, individual tests that guarantee that the internal machinery is working properly is well worth the minor test changes that come about with refactoring - at least that's been my experience. If you have to make huge changes to your tests for every refactoring, then maybe this doesn't make sense, but in that case, maybe you ought to rethink your design entirely. A good design should be flexible enough to allow for most changes without massive redesigns.

我还使用了InternalsVisibleToAttribute方法。值得一提的是，如果你为了达到这个目的而将你之前的私有方法变成内部方法，那么也许它们不应该成为直接单元测试的对象。

毕竟，您是在测试类的行为，而不是它的具体实现——您可以在不更改前者的情况下更改后者，并且您的测试仍然应该通过。

首先，您不应该测试代码的私有方法。你应该测试“公共接口”或API，即类的公共内容。API是所有公开给外部调用者的公共方法。

原因是一旦您开始测试类的私有方法和内部结构，您就将类的实现(私有的东西)耦合到您的测试中。这意味着当您决定更改实现细节时，您也必须更改您的测试。

出于这个原因，你应该避免使用internalsvisibletoattribute。

以下是Ian Cooper关于这个主题的演讲:Ian Cooper: TDD，哪里出了问题

如果您想对私有方法进行单元测试，那么可能会出现一些错误。单元测试(一般来说)用于测试类的接口，即类的公共(和受保护)方法。你当然可以“破解”一个解决方案(即使只是通过公开方法)，但你可能还想考虑:

如果您想测试的方法确实值得测试，那么将它移到自己的类中可能是值得的。 向调用私有方法的公共方法添加更多测试，测试私有方法的功能。(正如评论者所指出的，只有当这些私有方法的功能确实是公共接口的一部分时，才应该这样做。如果它们实际上执行对用户隐藏的功能(即单元测试)，这可能是不好的)。

我想在这里创建一个清晰的代码示例，您可以在任何想要测试私有方法的类上使用它。

在您的测试用例类中只包括这些方法，然后按照指示使用它们。

  /**
   *
   * @var Class_name_of_class_you_want_to_test_private_methods_in
   * note: the actual class and the private variable to store the 
   * class instance in, should at least be different case so that
   * they do not get confused in the code.  Here the class name is
   * is upper case while the private instance variable is all lower
   * case
   */
  private $class_name_of_class_you_want_to_test_private_methods_in;

  /**
   * This uses reflection to be able to get private methods to test
   * @param $methodName
   * @return ReflectionMethod
   */
  protected static function getMethod($methodName) {
    $class = new ReflectionClass('Class_name_of_class_you_want_to_test_private_methods_in');
    $method = $class->getMethod($methodName);
    $method->setAccessible(true);
    return $method;
  }

  /**
   * Uses reflection class to call private methods and get return values.
   * @param $methodName
   * @param array $params
   * @return mixed
   *
   * usage:     $this->_callMethod('_someFunctionName', array(param1,param2,param3));
   *  {params are in
   *   order in which they appear in the function declaration}
   */
  protected function _callMethod($methodName, $params=array()) {
    $method = self::getMethod($methodName);
    return $method->invokeArgs($this->class_name_of_class_you_want_to_test_private_methods_in, $params);
  }

$this->_callMethod（'_someFunctionName'， array（param1，param2，param3））;

只需要按照它们在原始私有函数中出现的顺序发出参数