I don't agree with the "you should only be interested in testing the external interface" philosophy. It's a bit like saying that a car repair shop should only have tests to see if the wheels turn. Yes, ultimately I'm interested in the external behavior but I like my own, private, internal tests to be a bit more specific and to the point. Yes, if I refactor, I may have to change some of the tests, but unless it's a massive refactor, I'll only have to change a few and the fact that the other (unchanged) internal tests still work is a great indicator that the refactoring has been successful.

You can try to cover all internal cases using only the public interface and theoretically it's possible to test every internal method (or at least every one that matters) entirely by using the public interface but you may have to end up standing on your head to achieve this and the connection between the test cases being run through the public interface and the internal portion of the solution they're designed to test may be difficult or impossible to discern. Having pointed, individual tests that guarantee that the internal machinery is working properly is well worth the minor test changes that come about with refactoring - at least that's been my experience. If you have to make huge changes to your tests for every refactoring, then maybe this doesn't make sense, but in that case, maybe you ought to rethink your design entirely. A good design should be flexible enough to allow for most changes without massive redesigns.

在CodeProject上，有一篇文章简要讨论了测试私有方法的优缺点。然后它提供一些反射代码来访问私有方法(类似于Marcus上面提供的代码)。我在这个示例中发现的唯一问题是代码没有考虑重载方法。

你可以在这里找到文章:

http://www.codeproject.com/KB/cs/testnonpublicmembers.aspx

I don't agree with the "you should only be interested in testing the external interface" philosophy. It's a bit like saying that a car repair shop should only have tests to see if the wheels turn. Yes, ultimately I'm interested in the external behavior but I like my own, private, internal tests to be a bit more specific and to the point. Yes, if I refactor, I may have to change some of the tests, but unless it's a massive refactor, I'll only have to change a few and the fact that the other (unchanged) internal tests still work is a great indicator that the refactoring has been successful.

You can try to cover all internal cases using only the public interface and theoretically it's possible to test every internal method (or at least every one that matters) entirely by using the public interface but you may have to end up standing on your head to achieve this and the connection between the test cases being run through the public interface and the internal portion of the solution they're designed to test may be difficult or impossible to discern. Having pointed, individual tests that guarantee that the internal machinery is working properly is well worth the minor test changes that come about with refactoring - at least that's been my experience. If you have to make huge changes to your tests for every refactoring, then maybe this doesn't make sense, but in that case, maybe you ought to rethink your design entirely. A good design should be flexible enough to allow for most changes without massive redesigns.

CC -Dprivate=public

“CC”是我使用的系统上的命令行编译器。-Dfoo=bar相当于#define foo bar。因此，这个编译选项有效地将所有私有内容更改为公共。

由于某些原因，私有类型、内部变量和私有成员是这样的，通常你不想直接打乱它们。如果您这样做了，很可能稍后会崩溃，因为不能保证创建这些程序集的人会保留私有/内部实现。

但是，有时，在对编译或第三方程序集进行一些hack /探索时，我自己最终想要初始化一个私有类或具有私有或内部构造函数的类。或者，有时，在处理无法更改的预编译遗留库时——我最终会针对私有方法编写一些测试。

因此诞生了AccessPrivateWrapper - http://amazedsaint.blogspot.com/2010/05/accessprivatewrapper-c-40-dynamic.html -它是一个快速的包装类，使用c# 4.0的动态特性和反射可以使工作变得容易。

您可以创建内部/私有类型，例如

    //Note that the wrapper is dynamic
    dynamic wrapper = AccessPrivateWrapper.FromType
        (typeof(SomeKnownClass).Assembly,"ClassWithPrivateConstructor");

    //Access the private members
    wrapper.PrivateMethodInPrivateClass();

测试私有方法可能没有用处。然而，我有时也喜欢从测试方法调用私有方法。大多数时候为了防止代码重复用于测试数据生成…

微软为此提供了两种机制:

访问器

转到类定义的源代码 右键单击类名 选择“创建私有访问器” 选择要在其中创建访问器的项目 你将得到一个名为foo_accessor的新类。 该类将在编译期间动态生成，并提供所有公共成员。

然而，当涉及到原始类的接口更改时，该机制有时有点棘手。所以，大多数时候我避免使用这个。

PrivateObject类 另一种方法是使用microsoft。visualstudio。testtools。unittest。privateobject

// Wrap an already existing instance
PrivateObject accessor = new PrivateObject( objectInstanceToBeWrapped );

// Retrieve a private field
MyReturnType accessiblePrivateField = (MyReturnType) accessor.GetField( "privateFieldName" );

// Call a private method
accessor.Invoke( "PrivateMethodName", new Object[] {/* ... */} );