1)如果你有一个遗留代码，那么测试私有方法的唯一方法就是反射。

2)如果它是新代码，那么你有以下选项:

使用反射(使之复杂) 在同一个类中编写单元测试(使生产代码变得丑陋 其中还包含测试代码) 在某种util类中重构并使方法为公共 使用@VisibleForTesting注释并删除private

I prefer the annotation method, simplest and least complicated. The only issue is that we have increased the visibility which I think is not a big concern. We should always be coding to interface, so if we have an interface MyService and an implementation MyServiceImpl then we can have the corresponding test classes that is MyServiceTest (test interface methods) and MyServiceImplTest (test private methods). All clients should anyway be using the interface so in a way even though the visibility of the private method has been increased it should not really matter.

将它们声明为内部的，然后使用InternalsVisibleToAttribute允许单元测试程序集看到它们。

我倾向于不使用编译器指令，因为它们很快就会把事情弄得乱七八糟。如果你真的需要它们，一种缓解它的方法是把它们放在一个partial类中，并让你的构建在制作产品版本时忽略那个.cs文件。

在c#中，您可以使用我下面提供的代码。尽管我认为只有在绝对需要的时候才应该进行私有方法的单元测试。我遇到过一些我觉得有必要这样做的案例。下面是我在UnitTestBase类中创建的一些c#方法，我继承了我的UnitTest类(你也可以把它放在一个静态的“助手”类中)。HTH

protected internal static TResult? InvokePrivateInstanceMethod<TType, TResult>(string methodName, object?[]? methodArguments = null, params object?[]? constructorArguments)
{
    var classType = typeof(TType);
    var instance = Activator.CreateInstance(classType, constructorArguments);
    var privateMethodInfo = classType.GetMethods(BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance)
                                        .FirstOrDefault(m => m.IsPrivate &&
                                            m.Name.Equals(methodName, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
                                            m.ReturnType.Equals(typeof(TResult)));
 
    if (privateMethodInfo is null)
    {
        throw new MissingMethodException(classType.FullName, methodName);
    }

    var methodResult = privateMethodInfo.Invoke(instance, methodArguments);
    if (methodResult is not null)
    {
        return (TResult)methodResult;
    }

    return default;
}

protected internal static async Task<TResult?> InvokePrivateInstanceMethodAsync<TType, TResult>(string methodName, object?[]? methodArguments = null, params object?[]? constructorArguments)
{
    var classType = typeof(TType);
    var instance = Activator.CreateInstance(classType, constructorArguments);
    var privateMethodInfo = classType.GetMethods(BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance)
                                        .FirstOrDefault(m => m.IsPrivate &&
                                            m.Name.Equals(methodName, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
                                            m.ReturnType.Equals(typeof(Task<TResult>)));
            
    if (privateMethodInfo is null)
    {
        throw new MissingMethodException(classType.FullName, methodName);
    }

    var methodResult = privateMethodInfo.Invoke(instance, methodArguments);
    if (methodResult is not null)
    {
        return await (Task<TResult>)methodResult;
    }

    return default;
}

这里有一个例子，首先是方法签名:

private string[] SplitInternal()
{
    return Regex.Matches(Format, @"([^/\[\]]|\[[^]]*\])+")
                        .Cast<Match>()
                        .Select(m => m.Value)
                        .Where(s => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(s))
                        .ToArray();
}

下面是测试:

/// <summary>
///A test for SplitInternal
///</summary>
[TestMethod()]
[DeploymentItem("Git XmlLib vs2008.dll")]
public void SplitInternalTest()
{
    string path = "pair[path/to/@Key={0}]/Items/Item[Name={1}]/Date";
    object[] values = new object[] { 2, "Martin" };
    XPathString xp = new XPathString(path, values);

    PrivateObject param0 = new PrivateObject(xp);
    XPathString_Accessor target = new XPathString_Accessor(param0);
    string[] expected = new string[] {
        "pair[path/to/@Key={0}]",
        "Items",
        "Item[Name={1}]",
        "Date"
    };
    string[] actual;
    actual = target.SplitInternal();
    CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
}

有两种类型的私有方法。静态私有方法和非静态私有方法(实例方法)。下面两篇文章用示例解释了如何对私有方法进行单元测试。

单元测试静态私有方法 单元测试非静态私有方法