如果delete返回哈希的delete对，那就太好了。 我这样做:

hash = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}
{b: hash.delete(:b)} # => {:b=>2}
hash  # => {:a=>1, :c=>3} 

为什么不直接使用:

hash.delete(key)

哈希现在是您正在寻找的“剩余哈希”。

在纯Ruby中:

{:a => 1, :b => 2}.tap{|x| x.delete(:a)}   # => {:b=>2}

如果你想使用纯Ruby(没有Rails)，不想创建扩展方法(也许你只需要在一两个地方使用扩展方法，不想用大量的方法污染命名空间)，不想在适当的地方编辑散列(也就是说，你像我一样是函数式编程的粉丝)，你可以“选择”:

>> x = {:a => 1, :b => 2, :c => 3}
=> {:a=>1, :b=>2, :c=>3}
>> x.select{|x| x != :a}
=> {:b=>2, :c=>3}
>> x.select{|x| ![:a, :b].include?(x)}
=> {:c=>3}
>> x
=> {:a=>1, :b=>2, :c=>3}

#in lib/core_extensions.rb
class Hash
  #pass single or array of keys, which will be removed, returning the remaining hash
  def remove!(*keys)
    keys.each{|key| self.delete(key) }
    self
  end

  #non-destructive version
  def remove(*keys)
    self.dup.remove!(*keys)
  end
end

#in config/initializers/app_environment.rb (or anywhere in config/initializers)
require 'core_extensions'

我已经设置好了，所以.remove返回一个删除键的散列副本，而remove!修改哈希本身。这与ruby的约定是一致的。从控制台

>> hash = {:a => 1, :b => 2}
=> {:b=>2, :a=>1}
>> hash.remove(:a)
=> {:b=>2}
>> hash
=> {:b=>2, :a=>1}
>> hash.remove!(:a)
=> {:b=>2}
>> hash
=> {:b=>2}
>> hash.remove!(:a, :b)
=> {}

Rails有一个except/except!方法，该方法返回删除了这些键后的散列。如果您已经在使用Rails，就没有必要创建自己的版本。

class Hash
  # Returns a hash that includes everything but the given keys.
  #   hash = { a: true, b: false, c: nil}
  #   hash.except(:c) # => { a: true, b: false}
  #   hash # => { a: true, b: false, c: nil}
  #
  # This is useful for limiting a set of parameters to everything but a few known toggles:
  #   @person.update(params[:person].except(:admin))
  def except(*keys)
    dup.except!(*keys)
  end

  # Replaces the hash without the given keys.
  #   hash = { a: true, b: false, c: nil}
  #   hash.except!(:c) # => { a: true, b: false}
  #   hash # => { a: true, b: false }
  def except!(*keys)
    keys.each { |key| delete(key) }
    self
  end
end