我认为比较不同方法的运行时可能是有用的，所以我做了一个基准测试(使用simple_benchmark库)

I)具有2个元素的元组的基准测试

由于您可能希望通过索引0从元组中选择第一个元素，因此通过期望恰好有2个值，0显示出非常接近解包解决方案的最快解决方案

import operator
import random

from simple_benchmark import BenchmarkBuilder

b = BenchmarkBuilder()



@b.add_function()
def rakesh_by_index(l):
    return [i[0] for i in l]


@b.add_function()
def wayneSan_zip(l):
    return list(list(zip(*l))[0])


@b.add_function()
def bcattle_itemgetter(l):
     return list(map(operator.itemgetter(0), l))


@b.add_function()
def ssoler_upacking(l):
    return [idx for idx, val in l]

@b.add_function()
def kederrack_unpacking(l):
    return [f for f, *_ in l]



@b.add_arguments('Number of tuples')
def argument_provider():
    for exp in range(2, 21):
        size = 2**exp
        yield size, [(random.choice(range(100)), random.choice(range(100))) for _ in range(size)]


r = b.run()
r.plot()

II)基准具有2个或更多元素的元组

import operator
import random

from simple_benchmark import BenchmarkBuilder

b = BenchmarkBuilder()

@b.add_function()
def kederrack_unpacking(l):
    return [f for f, *_ in l]


@b.add_function()
def rakesh_by_index(l):
    return [i[0] for i in l]


@b.add_function()
def wayneSan_zip(l):
    return list(list(zip(*l))[0])


@b.add_function()
def bcattle_itemgetter(l):
     return list(map(operator.itemgetter(0), l))


@b.add_arguments('Number of tuples')
def argument_provider():
    for exp in range(2, 21):
        size = 2**exp
        yield size, [tuple(random.choice(range(100)) for _
                     in range(random.choice(range(2, 100)))) for _ in range(size)]

from pylab import rcParams
rcParams['figure.figsize'] = 12, 7

r = b.run()
r.plot()

如果你需要转换为一个嵌套的列表，答案将是:

a = [(1, u'abc'), (2, u'def')]
print([list(i[0]) for i in a])

输出:

[[1], [2]]

我更喜欢这样拉:

>>> lst = [(1, u'abc'), (2, u'def')]
>>> new, _ = zip(*lst)
>>> new
(1, 2)
>>> 

或者如果你不知道有多少额外的值

>>> new, *_ = zip(*lst)
>>> new
(1, 2)
>>> 

>>> a = [(1, u'abc'), (2, u'def')]
>>> [i[0] for i in a]
[1, 2]

如果元组是唯一的，那么这可以工作

>>> a = [(1, u'abc'), (2, u'def')]
>>> a
[(1, u'abc'), (2, u'def')]
>>> dict(a).keys()
[1, 2]
>>> dict(a).values()
[u'abc', u'def']
>>> 

你可以使用“元组解包”:

>>> my_list = [(1, 'abc'), (2, 'def')]
>>> my_ids = [idx for idx, val in my_list]
>>> my_ids
[1, 2]

在迭代时，每个元组被解包，其值被设置为变量idx和val。

>>> x = (1, 'abc')
>>> idx, val = x
>>> idx
1
>>> val
'abc'