我喜欢C的getopt()，但是我老了。: -)

我可以建议使用模板化的c++命令行解析器库(GitHub上的一些分支是可用的)，API非常直接并且(引用自网站):

该库完全在头文件中实现，因此很容易 与其他软件一起使用和分发。它是MIT授权的 无后顾之忧的发行许可证。

这是手册中的一个例子，为了简单起见，这里有颜色:

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <tclap/CmdLine.h>

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{

    // Wrap everything in a try block.  Do this every time,
    // because exceptions will be thrown for problems.
    try {

    // Define the command line object, and insert a message
    // that describes the program. The "Command description message"
    // is printed last in the help text. The second argument is the
    // delimiter (usually space) and the last one is the version number.
    // The CmdLine object parses the argv array based on the Arg objects
    // that it contains.
    TCLAP::CmdLine cmd("Command description message", ' ', "0.9");

    // Define a value argument and add it to the command line.
    // A value arg defines a flag and a type of value that it expects,
    // such as "-n Bishop".
    TCLAP::ValueArg<std::string> nameArg("n","name","Name to print",true,"homer","string");

    // Add the argument nameArg to the CmdLine object. The CmdLine object
    // uses this Arg to parse the command line.
    cmd.add( nameArg );

    // Define a switch and add it to the command line.
    // A switch arg is a boolean argument and only defines a flag that
    // indicates true or false.  In this example the SwitchArg adds itself
    // to the CmdLine object as part of the constructor.  This eliminates
    // the need to call the cmd.add() method.  All args have support in
    // their constructors to add themselves directly to the CmdLine object.
    // It doesn't matter which idiom you choose, they accomplish the same thing.
    TCLAP::SwitchArg reverseSwitch("r","reverse","Print name backwards", cmd, false);

    // Parse the argv array.
    cmd.parse( argc, argv );

    // Get the value parsed by each arg.
    std::string name = nameArg.getValue();
    bool reverseName = reverseSwitch.getValue();

    // Do what you intend.
    if ( reverseName )
    {
            std::reverse(name.begin(),name.end());
            std::cout << "My name (spelled backwards) is: " << name << std::endl;
    }
    else
            std::cout << "My name is: " << name << std::endl;


    } catch (TCLAP::ArgException &e)  // catch any exceptions
    { std::cerr << "error: " << e.error() << " for arg " << e.argId() << std::endl; }
}

TCLAP是一个非常好的轻量级设计，易于使用: http://tclap.sourceforge.net/

Qt 5.2提供了一个命令行解析器API。

小例子:

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QCommandLineParser>
#include <QDebug>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  QCoreApplication app(argc, argv);
  app.setApplicationName("ToolX");
  app.setApplicationVersion("1.2");

  QCommandLineParser parser;
  parser.setApplicationDescription("Tool for doing X.");
  parser.addHelpOption();
  parser.addVersionOption();
  parser.addPositionalArgument("infile",
      QCoreApplication::translate("main", "Input file."));

  QCommandLineOption verbose_opt("+",
      QCoreApplication::translate("main", "be verbose"));
  parser.addOption(verbose_opt);

  QCommandLineOption out_opt(QStringList() << "o" << "output",
      QCoreApplication::translate("main", "Output file."),
      QCoreApplication::translate("main", "filename"), // value name
      QCoreApplication::translate("main", "out")   // default value
      );
  parser.addOption(out_opt);

  // exits on error
  parser.process(app);

  const QStringList args = parser.positionalArguments();

  qDebug() << "Input files: " << args
    << ", verbose: " << parser.isSet(verbose_opt)
    << ", output: " << parser.value(out_opt)
    << '\n';
  return 0;
}

示例输出

自动生成的帮助界面:

$ ./qtopt -h
Usage: ./qtopt [options] infile
Tool for doing X.

Options:
  -h, --help               Displays this help.
  -v, --version            Displays version information.
  -+                       be verbose
  -o, --output   Output file.

Arguments:
  infile                   Input file.

自动生成版本输出:

$ ./qtopt -v
ToolX 1.2

一些真实的电话:

$ ./qtopt b1 -+ -o tmp blah.foo
Input files:  ("b1", "blah.foo") , verbose:  true , output:  "tmp"
$ ./qtopt          
Input files:  () , verbose:  false , output:  "out"

解析错误:

$ ./qtopt --hlp
Unknown option 'hlp'.
$ echo $?
1

结论

如果您的程序已经使用了Qt(>= 5.2)库，那么它的命令行解析API足以方便地完成工作。

请注意，内置Qt选项在选项解析器运行之前会被QApplication使用。

您可以为此使用已经创建的库

http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_44_0/doc/html/program_options.html

Following from my comment and from rbaleksandar's answer, the arguments passed to any program in C are string values. You are provided the argument count (argc) which gives you the argument indexes zero-based beginning with the name of the program currently being run (which is always argv[0]). That leaves all arguments between 1 - argc as the user supplied arguments for your program. Each will be a string that is contained in the argument vector (which is a pointer to an array of strings you will seen written as char *argv[], or equivalently as a function parameter char **argv) Each of the strings argv[1] to argv[argc-1] are available to you, you simply need to test which argument is which.

这将允许您分离，并使它们可用为命令(cmd)，选项(opt)和最后的参数(arg)到您的cmd。

Now it is worth noting, that the rules of your shell (bash, etc..) apply to the arguments passed to your program, word-splitting, pathname and variable expansion apply before your code gets the arguments. So you must consider whether single or more commongly double-quoting will be required around any of your arguments to prevent the normal shell splitting that would otherwise apply (e.g. ls -al my file.txt would results in 4 user-supplied arguments to your code, while ls -al "my file.txt" or ls -al my\ file.txt which would result in the 3 your were expecting.

把所有这些放在一起，您的简短解析可以像下面这样完成。(你也可以自由地做你喜欢的，使用一个开关而不是嵌套的if等…)

#include <stdio.h>

int main (int argc, char **argv) {

    char *cmd = NULL,   /* here, since you are using the arguments  */
         *opt = NULL,   /* themselves, you can simply use a pointer */
         *arg = NULL;   /* or the argument itself without a copy    */

    /* looping using the acutal argument index & vector */
    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
        if (*argv[i] != '-') {      /* checking if the 1st char is - */
            if (!cmd)               /* cmd is currently NULL, and    */
                cmd = argv[i];      /* no '-' it's going to be cmd   */
            else                    /* otherwise, cmd has value, so  */
                arg = argv[i];       /* the value will be opt        */
        }
        else                /* here the value has a leading '-', so  */
            opt = argv[i];  /* it will be the option */
    }

    printf ("\n cmd : %s\n opt : %s\n arg : %s\n\n",
            cmd, opt, arg);

    return 0;
}

使用/输出示例

如果你运行代码，你会发现它为参数提供了分离，并提供了单独的指针，以方便它们的使用:

$ ./bin/parse_cmd ls -la ./cs3000

 cmd : ls
 opt : -la
 arg : ./cs3000

(需要注意的是，如果你的任务是构建一个命令字符串，你需要复制多个值来表示opt或arg，那么你不能再简单地使用指针，而需要创建存储，要么通过简单的数组声明而不是指针开始，或者你可以根据需要动态分配存储，例如malloc, calloc和/或realloc。然后，您将有可用的存储空间来复制和连接其中的值。)

如果这是你的挑战，那么在所有这些答案之间，你应该知道如何处理你的问题。如果你必须更进一步，实际上让你的程序执行带有opt和arg的cmd，那么你会想要查看fork来生成一个半独立的进程，在其中运行将执行你的cmd opt和arg，使用类似于execv或execvp的东西。祝你好运，如果你有进一步的问题，请发表评论。