你需要调用android.telephony.TelephonyManager.getDeviceId()。

这将返回唯一标识该设备的字符串(GSM上的IMEI, CDMA上的MEID)。

你需要在AndroidManifest.xml中设置以下权限:

< uses-permission android: name = " android.permission。READ_PHONE_STATE " / >

为了做到这一点。

话虽如此，做这件事要小心。用户不仅会想知道为什么您的应用程序要访问他们的电话堆栈，而且如果用户获得了新设备，可能很难迁移数据。

更新:正如下面评论中提到的，这不是一种安全的认证用户的方式，并引起了隐私问题。不建议使用。相反，如果您想实现一个无障碍的登录系统，请查看谷歌+ Login API。

如果你只是想在用户重置手机(或购买新设备)时以一种轻量级的方式持久化一束字符串，Android Backup API也是可用的。

除了Trevor Johns的回答外，你还可以这样使用:

TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
telephonyManager.getDeviceId();

并且您应该在Manifest.xml文件中添加以下权限:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>

在模拟器中，你可能会得到一个“00000…”的值。如果设备ID不可用，getDeviceId()返回NULL。

或者你可以使用ANDROID_ID设置从Android.Provider.Settings.System(这里描述strazerre.com)。

这样做的好处是，它不需要特殊的权限，但如果另一个应用程序具有写访问权限并更改它，则可以更改它(这显然不常见，但并非不可能)。

仅供参考，这里是来自博客的代码:

import android.provider.Settings;
import android.provider.Settings.System;   

String androidID = System.getString(this.getContentResolver(),Secure.ANDROID_ID);

实现注意:如果ID对系统架构至关重要，你需要意识到在实践中，一些非常低端的Android手机和平板电脑已经发现重用相同的ANDROID_ID (9774d56d682e549c是显示在我们的日志中的值)

来自:http://mytechead.wordpress.com/2011/08/28/how-to-get-imei-number-of-android-device/:

下面的代码可以帮助获取android设备的IMEI号码:

TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
String device_id = tm.getDeviceId();

Android Manifest中需要的权限:

android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE

注意:如平板电脑或不能作为移动电话的设备 IMEI将为空。

我使用以下代码获取IMEI或使用Secure。ANDROID_ID作为替代，当设备没有电话功能时:

/**
 * Returns the unique identifier for the device
 *
 * @return unique identifier for the device
 */
public String getDeviceIMEI() {
    String deviceUniqueIdentifier = null;
    TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) this.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
    if (null != tm) {
        deviceUniqueIdentifier = tm.getDeviceId();
    }
    if (null == deviceUniqueIdentifier || 0 == deviceUniqueIdentifier.length()) {
        deviceUniqueIdentifier = Settings.Secure.getString(this.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
    }
    return deviceUniqueIdentifier;
}

API等级11或以上:

case TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_SIP: 
return "SIP";

TelephonyManager tm= (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
textDeviceID.setText(getDeviceID(tm));

TelephonyManager的getDeviceId()方法返回唯一的设备ID，例如GSM电话的IMEI, CDMA电话的MEID或ESN。如果设备ID不可用，则返回null。

Java代码

package com.AndroidTelephonyManager;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class AndroidTelephonyManager extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.main);
    TextView textDeviceID = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.deviceid);

    //retrieve a reference to an instance of TelephonyManager
    TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);

    textDeviceID.setText(getDeviceID(telephonyManager));

}

String getDeviceID(TelephonyManager phonyManager){

 String id = phonyManager.getDeviceId();
 if (id == null){
  id = "not available";
 }

 int phoneType = phonyManager.getPhoneType();
 switch(phoneType){
 case TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_NONE:
  return "NONE: " + id;

 case TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_GSM:
  return "GSM: IMEI=" + id;

 case TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_CDMA:
  return "CDMA: MEID/ESN=" + id;

 /*
  *  for API Level 11 or above
  *  case TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_SIP:
  *   return "SIP";
  */

 default:
  return "UNKNOWN: ID=" + id;
 }

}
}

XML

<linearlayout android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<textview android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:text="@string/hello">
<textview android:id="@+id/deviceid" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent">
</textview></textview></linearlayout> 

许可要求 manifest文件中的READ_PHONE_STATE。

使用下面的代码给你IMEI号码:

TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
System.out.println("IMEI::" + telephonyManager.getDeviceId());

获取IMEI(国际移动设备标识符)

public String getIMEI(Activity activity) {
    TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) activity
            .getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
    return telephonyManager.getDeviceId();
}

获取设备唯一id

public String getDeviceUniqueID(Activity activity){
    String device_unique_id = Secure.getString(activity.getContentResolver(),
            Secure.ANDROID_ID);
    return device_unique_id;
}

对于Android 6.0+游戏已经改变，所以我建议你使用这个;

最好的方法是在运行时执行，否则会出现权限错误。

   /**
 * A loading screen after AppIntroActivity.
 */
public class LoadingActivity extends BaseActivity {
private static final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_PHONE_STATE = 0;
private TextView loading_tv2;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_loading);

    //trigger 'loadIMEI'
    loadIMEI();
    /** Fading Transition Effect */
    overridePendingTransition(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out);
}

/**
 * Called when the 'loadIMEI' function is triggered.
 */
public void loadIMEI() {
    // Check if the READ_PHONE_STATE permission is already available.
    if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)
            != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        // READ_PHONE_STATE permission has not been granted.
        requestReadPhoneStatePermission();
    } else {
        // READ_PHONE_STATE permission is already been granted.
        doPermissionGrantedStuffs();
    }
}



/**
 * Requests the READ_PHONE_STATE permission.
 * If the permission has been denied previously, a dialog will prompt the user to grant the
 * permission, otherwise it is requested directly.
 */
private void requestReadPhoneStatePermission() {
    if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,
            Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)) {
        // Provide an additional rationale to the user if the permission was not granted
        // and the user would benefit from additional context for the use of the permission.
        // For example if the user has previously denied the permission.
        new AlertDialog.Builder(LoadingActivity.this)
                .setTitle("Permission Request")
                .setMessage(getString(R.string.permission_read_phone_state_rationale))
                .setCancelable(false)
                .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.yes, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        //re-request
                        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(LoadingActivity.this,
                                new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE},
                                MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_PHONE_STATE);
                    }
                })
                .setIcon(R.drawable.onlinlinew_warning_sign)
                .show();
    } else {
        // READ_PHONE_STATE permission has not been granted yet. Request it directly.
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE},
                MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_PHONE_STATE);
    }
}

/**
 * Callback received when a permissions request has been completed.
 */
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                       @NonNull int[] grantResults) {

    if (requestCode == MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_PHONE_STATE) {
        // Received permission result for READ_PHONE_STATE permission.est.");
        // Check if the only required permission has been granted
        if (grantResults.length == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            // READ_PHONE_STATE permission has been granted, proceed with displaying IMEI Number
            //alertAlert(getString(R.string.permision_available_read_phone_state));
            doPermissionGrantedStuffs();
        } else {
            alertAlert(getString(R.string.permissions_not_granted_read_phone_state));
          }
    }
}

private void alertAlert(String msg) {
    new AlertDialog.Builder(LoadingActivity.this)
            .setTitle("Permission Request")
            .setMessage(msg)
            .setCancelable(false)
            .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.yes, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    // do somthing here
                }
            })
            .setIcon(R.drawable.onlinlinew_warning_sign)
            .show();
}


public void doPermissionGrantedStuffs() {
    //Have an  object of TelephonyManager
    TelephonyManager tm =(TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
    //Get IMEI Number of Phone  //////////////// for this example i only need the IMEI
    String IMEINumber=tm.getDeviceId();

    /************************************************
     * **********************************************
     * This is just an icing on the cake
     * the following are other children of TELEPHONY_SERVICE
     *
     //Get Subscriber ID
     String subscriberID=tm.getDeviceId();

     //Get SIM Serial Number
     String SIMSerialNumber=tm.getSimSerialNumber();

     //Get Network Country ISO Code
     String networkCountryISO=tm.getNetworkCountryIso();

     //Get SIM Country ISO Code
     String SIMCountryISO=tm.getSimCountryIso();

     //Get the device software version
     String softwareVersion=tm.getDeviceSoftwareVersion()

     //Get the Voice mail number
     String voiceMailNumber=tm.getVoiceMailNumber();


     //Get the Phone Type CDMA/GSM/NONE
     int phoneType=tm.getPhoneType();

     switch (phoneType)
     {
     case (TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_CDMA):
     // your code
     break;
     case (TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_GSM)
     // your code
     break;
     case (TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_NONE):
     // your code
     break;
     }

     //Find whether the Phone is in Roaming, returns true if in roaming
     boolean isRoaming=tm.isNetworkRoaming();
     if(isRoaming)
     phoneDetails+="\nIs In Roaming : "+"YES";
     else
     phoneDetails+="\nIs In Roaming : "+"NO";


     //Get the SIM state
     int SIMState=tm.getSimState();
     switch(SIMState)
     {
     case TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_ABSENT :
     // your code
     break;
     case TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_NETWORK_LOCKED :
     // your code
     break;
     case TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_PIN_REQUIRED :
     // your code
     break;
     case TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_PUK_REQUIRED :
     // your code
     break;
     case TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_READY :
     // your code
     break;
     case TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_UNKNOWN :
     // your code
     break;

     }
     */
    // Now read the desired content to a textview.
    loading_tv2 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.loading_tv2);
    loading_tv2.setText(IMEINumber);
}
}

希望这能帮助到你或其他人。

新更新:

对于Android版本6及以上，WLAN MAC地址已弃用，请遵循Trevor Johns的回答

更新:

对于设备的唯一标识，可以使用Secure.ANDROID_ID。

旧的回答:

使用IMEI作为唯一设备ID的缺点:

IMEI依赖于设备的Simcard插槽，所以它不是 对于不使用Simcard的设备，可以获得IMEI。 在双sim卡设备中，我们为同一个设备获得2个不同的imei，因为它有2个sim卡插槽。

您可以使用WLAN MAC地址字符串(不推荐用于Marshmallow和Marshmallow+，因为WLAN MAC地址已在Marshmallow转发上被弃用。所以你会得到一个伪值)

我们也可以使用WLAN MAC地址获得android手机的唯一ID。MAC地址对于所有设备都是唯一的，它适用于所有类型的设备。

使用WLAN MAC地址作为设备ID的优点:

它是所有类型设备的唯一标识符(智能手机和 平板电脑)。 如果重新安装应用程序，它将保持唯一

使用WLAN MAC地址作为设备ID的缺点:

给你一个虚假的价值从棉花糖和以上。 如果设备没有wifi硬件，MAC地址为空， 但通常可以看到大多数Android设备都有wifi 硬件和市场上几乎没有没有wifi的设备 硬件。

来源:technetexperts.com

在API 26中，getDeviceId()被贬低了，所以你可以使用下面的代码来满足API 26和更早的版本

TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
String imei="";
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) {
  imei=telephonyManager.getImei();
}
else
{
  imei=telephonyManager.getDeviceId();
}

不要忘记为READ_PHONE_STATE添加使用上述代码的权限请求。

更新: 从Android 10开始，用户应用程序只能获得IMEI等不可重置的硬件标识符。

你可以使用这个TelephonyManager TELEPHONY_SERVICE函数来获取唯一的设备ID， 要求权限:READ_PHONE_STATE

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />

例如，GSM手机的IMEI, CDMA手机的MEID或ESN。

/**
 * Gets the device unique id called IMEI. Sometimes, this returns 00000000000000000 for the
 * rooted devices.
 **/
public static String getDeviceImei(Context ctx) {
    TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) ctx.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
    return telephonyManager.getDeviceId();
}

如果设备ID不可用，则返回null。

方法getDeviceId()已弃用。 这里有一个getImei(int)的新方法

检查在这里

对于那些寻找Kotlin版本的人，您可以使用这样的东西;

private fun telephonyService() {
    val telephonyManager = getSystemService(TELEPHONY_SERVICE) as TelephonyManager
    val imei = if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) {
        Timber.i("Phone >= 26 IMEI")
        telephonyManager.imei
    } else {
        Timber.i("Phone IMEI < 26")
        telephonyManager.deviceId
    }

    Timber.i("Phone IMEI $imei")
}

注意:您必须使用checkSelfPermission或任何您使用的方法将上面的telephonyService()与权限检查一起包装。

还可以在清单文件中添加此权限;

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>

Kotlin代码获取DeviceId (IMEI)处理权限和可比性检查的所有android版本:

 val  telephonyManager = getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE) as TelephonyManager
    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)
        == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        // Permission is  granted
        val imei : String? = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O)  telephonyManager.imei
        // older OS  versions
        else  telephonyManager.deviceId

        imei?.let {
            Log.i("Log", "DeviceId=$it" )
        }

    } else {  // Permission is not granted

    }

将此权限添加到AndroidManifest.xml:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/> <!-- IMEI-->

试试这个(总是需要第一个IMEI)

TelephonyManager mTelephony = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(LoginActivity.this,Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

         return;
}

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
                if (mTelephony.getPhoneCount() == 2) {
                    IME = mTelephony.getImei(0);
                }else{
                    IME = mTelephony.getImei();
                }
            }else{
                if (mTelephony.getPhoneCount() == 2) {
                    IME = mTelephony.getDeviceId(0);
                } else {
                    IME = mTelephony.getDeviceId();
                }
            }
        } else {
            IME = mTelephony.getDeviceId();
        }

你需要在AndroidManifest.xml中设置以下权限:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />

要获得IMEI(国际移动设备标识符)，如果它高于API级别26，那么我们将telephonyManager.getImei()作为null，因此，我们使用ANDROID_ID作为唯一标识符。

 public static String getIMEINumber(@NonNull final Context context)
            throws SecurityException, NullPointerException {
        TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
        String imei;
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            assert tm != null;
            imei = tm.getImei();
            //this change is for Android 10 as per security concern it will not provide the imei number.
            if (imei == null) {
                imei = Settings.Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
            }
        } else {
            assert tm != null;
            if (tm.getDeviceId() != null && !tm.getDeviceId().equals("000000000000000")) {
                imei = tm.getDeviceId();
            } else {
                imei = Settings.Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
            }
        }

        return imei;
    }

使用以下代码:

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
        String[] permissions = {Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE};
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
                Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            requestPermissions(permissions, READ_PHONE_STATE);
        }
    } else {
        try {
            TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return;
            }
            String imei = telephonyManager.getDeviceId();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

并调用onRequestPermissionsResult方法如下代码:

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case READ_PHONE_STATE:
            if (grantResults.length > 0
                    && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
                try {
                    TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
                    if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                        return;
                    }
                    String imei = telephonyManager.getDeviceId();

                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
    }
}

在你的AndroidManifest.xml中添加以下权限:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />

以下代码是为我工作。

val uid: String = Settings.Secure.getString(ctx.applicationContext.contentResolver, Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID)
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(ctx, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            imei = when {
                Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q -> {
                    uid
                }
                Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O -> {
                    telephonyManager.imei
                }
                else -> {
                    telephonyManager.deviceId
                }
            }
        }

你无法从andorid10 +或29+手机中获得imei号码，这里是用于为设备创建imei号码的替代功能。

public  static String getDeviceID(){
    String devIDShort = "35" + //we make this look like a valid IMEI
            Build.BOARD.length()%10+ Build.BRAND.length()%10 +
            Build.CPU_ABI.length()%10 + Build.DEVICE.length()%10 +
            Build.DISPLAY.length()%10 + Build.HOST.length()%10 +
            Build.ID.length()%10 + Build.MANUFACTURER.length()%10 +
            Build.MODEL.length()%10 + Build.PRODUCT.length()%10 +
            Build.TAGS.length()%10 + Build.TYPE.length()%10 +
            Build.USER.length()%10 ; //13 digits

    return  devIDShort;
}

对不可重置设备标识符的限制

从Android 10开始，应用程序必须拥有READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE特权权限才能访问设备的不可重置标识符，包括IMEI和序列号。