这适用于重命名第一个键:

$a = ['catine' => 'cat', 'canine'  => 'dog'];
$tmpa['feline'] = $a['catine'];
unset($a['catine']);
$a = $tmpa + $a;

然后，print_r($a)呈现一个修复后的有序数组:

Array
(
    [feline] => cat
    [canine] => dog
)

这适用于重命名任意键:

$a = ['canine'  => 'dog', 'catine' => 'cat', 'porcine' => 'pig']
$af = array_flip($a)
$af['cat'] = 'feline';
$a = array_flip($af)

print_r ($ a)

Array
(
    [canine] => dog
    [feline] => cat
    [porcine] => pig
)

广义函数:

function renameKey($oldkey, $newkey, $array) {
    $val = $array[$oldkey];
    $tmp_A = array_flip($array);
    $tmp_A[$val] = $newkey;

    return array_flip($tmp_A);
}

如果你想一次替换多个键(保持顺序):

/**
 * Rename keys of an array
 * @param array $array (asoc)
 * @param array $replacement_keys (indexed)
 * @return array
 */
function rename_keys($array, $replacement_keys)  {
      return array_combine($replacement_keys, array_values($array));
}

用法:

$myarr = array("a" => 22, "b" => 144, "c" => 43);
$newkeys = array("x","y","z");
print_r(rename_keys($myarr, $newkeys));
//must return: array("x" => 22, "y" => 144, "z" => 43);

两种解决方案的简单基准比较。

解决方案1复制和删除(订单丢失，但更快)https://stackoverflow.com/a/240676/1617857

<?php
$array = ['test' => 'value', ['etc...']];

$array['test2'] = $array['test'];
unset($array['test']);

解决方案2密钥重命名为“https://stackoverflow.com/a/21299719/1617857”

<?php
$array = ['test' => 'value', ['etc...']];

$keys = array_keys( $array );
$keys[array_search('test', $keys, true)] = 'test2';
array_combine( $keys, $array );

基准:

<?php
$array = ['test' => 'value', ['etc...']];


for ($i =0; $i < 100000000; $i++){
    // Solution 1
}


for ($i =0; $i < 100000000; $i++){
    // Solution 2
}

结果:

php solution1.php  6.33s  user 0.02s system 99% cpu 6.356  total
php solution1.php  6.37s  user 0.01s system 99% cpu 6.390  total
php solution2.php  12.14s user 0.01s system 99% cpu 12.164 total
php solution2.php  12.57s user 0.03s system 99% cpu 12.612 total

这个基本函数处理交换数组键并保持数组的原始顺序…

public function keySwap(array $resource, array $keys)
{
    $newResource = [];

    foreach($resource as $k => $r){
        if(array_key_exists($k,$keys)){
            $newResource[$keys[$k]] = $r;
        }else{
            $newResource[$k] = $r;
        }
    }

    return $newResource;
}

然后你可以循环并将所有的“a”键与“z”键交换。

$inputs = [
  0 => ['a'=>'1','b'=>'2'],
  1 => ['a'=>'3','b'=>'4']
]

$keySwap = ['a'=>'z'];

foreach($inputs as $k=>$i){
    $inputs[$k] = $this->keySwap($i,$keySwap);
}

这是一个实验(测试)

初始数组(像0、1、2这样的键)

$some_array[] = '6110';//
$some_array[] = '6111';//
$some_array[] = '6210';//

我必须将键名更改为例如human_readable15, human_readable16, human_readable17

类似于已经发布的内容。在每个循环中，我设置必要的键名，并从初始数组中删除相应的键。

例如，我插入mysql $some_array得到lastInsertId，我需要发送键值对返回jquery。

$first_id_of_inserted = 7;//lastInsertId
$last_loop_for_some_array = count($some_array);


for ($current_loop = 0; $current_loop < $last_loop_for_some_array ; $current_loop++) {

$some_array['human_readable'.($first_id_of_inserted + $current_loop)] = $some_array[$current_loop];//add new key for intial array

unset( $some_array[$current_loop] );//remove already renamed key from array

}

这是带有重命名键的新数组

echo '<pre>', print_r($some_array, true), '</pre>$some_array in '. basename(__FILE__, '.php'). '.php <br/>';

如果human_readable15、human_readable16、human_readable17需要其他东西。然后就能创造出这样的东西

$arr_with_key_names[] = 'human_readable';
$arr_with_key_names[] = 'something_another';
$arr_with_key_names[] = 'and_something_else';


for ($current_loop = 0; $current_loop < $last_loop_for_some_array ; $current_loop++) {

    $some_array[$arr_with_key_names[$current_loop]] = $some_array[$current_loop];//add new key for intial array

    unset( $some_array[$current_loop] );//remove already renamed key from array

    }

KernelM的答案很好，但是为了避免Greg在评论中提出的问题(键冲突)，使用一个新的数组会更安全

$newarr[$newkey] = $oldarr[$oldkey];
$oldarr=$newarr;
unset($newarr);