这适用于重命名第一个键:

$a = ['catine' => 'cat', 'canine'  => 'dog'];
$tmpa['feline'] = $a['catine'];
unset($a['catine']);
$a = $tmpa + $a;

然后，print_r($a)呈现一个修复后的有序数组:

Array
(
    [feline] => cat
    [canine] => dog
)

这适用于重命名任意键:

$a = ['canine'  => 'dog', 'catine' => 'cat', 'porcine' => 'pig']
$af = array_flip($a)
$af['cat'] = 'feline';
$a = array_flip($af)

print_r ($ a)

Array
(
    [canine] => dog
    [feline] => cat
    [porcine] => pig
)

广义函数:

function renameKey($oldkey, $newkey, $array) {
    $val = $array[$oldkey];
    $tmp_A = array_flip($array);
    $tmp_A[$val] = $newkey;

    return array_flip($tmp_A);
}

如果你想一次替换多个键(保持顺序):

/**
 * Rename keys of an array
 * @param array $array (asoc)
 * @param array $replacement_keys (indexed)
 * @return array
 */
function rename_keys($array, $replacement_keys)  {
      return array_combine($replacement_keys, array_values($array));
}

用法:

$myarr = array("a" => 22, "b" => 144, "c" => 43);
$newkeys = array("x","y","z");
print_r(rename_keys($myarr, $newkeys));
//must return: array("x" => 22, "y" => 144, "z" => 43);

如果你还想让新数组键的位置与旧数组键的位置相同，你可以这样做:

function change_array_key( $array, $old_key, $new_key) {
    if(!is_array($array)){ print 'You must enter a array as a haystack!'; exit; }
    if(!array_key_exists($old_key, $array)){
        return $array;
    }

    $key_pos = array_search($old_key, array_keys($array));
    $arr_before = array_slice($array, 0, $key_pos);
    $arr_after = array_slice($array, $key_pos + 1);
    $arr_renamed = array($new_key => $array[$old_key]);

    return $arr_before + $arr_renamed + $arr_after;
}

你可以基于array_walk使用这个函数:

function mapToIDs($array, $id_field_name = 'id')
{
    $result = [];
    array_walk($array, 
        function(&$value, $key) use (&$result, $id_field_name)
        {
            $result[$value[$id_field_name]] = $value;
        }
    );
    return $result;
}

$arr = [0 => ['id' => 'one', 'fruit' => 'apple'], 1 => ['id' => 'two', 'fruit' => 'banana']];
print_r($arr);
print_r(mapToIDs($arr));

它给:

Array(
    [0] => Array(
        [id] => one
        [fruit] => apple
    )
    [1] => Array(
        [id] => two
        [fruit] => banana
    )
)

Array(
    [one] => Array(
        [id] => one
        [fruit] => apple
    )
    [two] => Array(
        [id] => two
        [fruit] => banana
    )
)

一种简单易懂的保存秩序的方法:

function rename_array_key(array $array, $old_key, $new_key) {
  if (!array_key_exists($old_key, $array)) {
      return $array;
  }
  $new_array = [];
  foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
    $new_key = $old_key === $key
      ? $new_key
      : $key;
    $new_array[$new_key] = $value;
  }
  return $new_array;
}

您可以编写一个简单的函数，将回调应用到给定数组的键。类似于array_map

<?php
function array_map_keys(callable $callback, array $array) {
    return array_merge([], ...array_map(
        function ($key, $value) use ($callback) { return [$callback($key) => $value]; },
        array_keys($array),
        $array
    ));
}

$array = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 'test', 'c' => ['x' => 1, 'y' => 2]];
$newArray = array_map_keys(function($key) { return 'new' . ucfirst($key); }, $array);

echo json_encode($array); // {"a":1,"b":"test","c":{"x":1,"y":2}}
echo json_encode($newArray); // {"newA":1,"newB":"test","newC":{"x":1,"y":2}}

这里是一个要点https://gist.github.com/vardius/650367e15abfb58bcd72ca47eff096ca#file-array_map_keys-php。