与其调用containsKey()，不如直接调用map更快。获取并检查返回值是否为空。

    Integer count = map.get(word);
    if(count == null){
        count = 0;
    }
    map.put(word, count + 1);

函数Java库的TreeMap数据结构在最新的主干头中有一个更新方法:

public TreeMap<K, V> update(final K k, final F<V, V> f)

使用示例:

import static fj.data.TreeMap.empty;
import static fj.function.Integers.add;
import static fj.pre.Ord.stringOrd;
import fj.data.TreeMap;

public class TreeMap_Update
  {public static void main(String[] a)
    {TreeMap<String, Integer> map = empty(stringOrd);
     map = map.set("foo", 1);
     map = map.update("foo", add.f(1));
     System.out.println(map.get("foo").some());}}

这个程序输出“2”。

我将使用Apache Collections Lazy Map(将值初始化为0)，并使用Apache Lang中的MutableIntegers作为该映射中的值。

在您的方法中，最大的代价是必须搜索两次地图。在我这里，你只需要做一次。只需要获取值(如果没有，它将被初始化)并增加它。

希望我正确理解了你的问题，我从Python来到Java，所以我可以同情你的挣扎。

如果你有

map.put(key, 1)

你会这么做

map.put(key, map.get(key) + 1)

希望这能有所帮助!

你应该意识到你最初的尝试

int count = map.containsKey(word) ? map.get(word) : 0;

包含映射上两个可能代价高昂的操作，即containsKey和get。前者执行的操作可能与后者非常相似，因此您要做两次相同的工作!

如果查看Map的API，当Map不包含所请求的元素时，get操作通常返回null。

注意，这将得到一个像

map.put( key, map.get(key) + 1 );

dangerous, since it might yield NullPointerExceptions. You should check for a null first. Also note, and this is very important, that HashMaps can contain nulls by definition. So not every returned null says "there is no such element". In this respect, containsKey behaves differently from get in actually telling you whether there is such an element. Refer to the API for details. For your case, however, you might not want to distinguish between a stored null and "noSuchElement". If you don't want to permit nulls you might prefer a Hashtable. Using a wrapper library as was already proposed in other answers might be a better solution to manual treatment, depending on the complexity of your application. To complete the answer (and I forgot to put that in at first, thanks to the edit function!), the best way of doing it natively, is to get into a final variable, check for null and put it back in with a 1. The variable should be final because it's immutable anyway. The compiler might not need this hint, but its clearer that way. final HashMap map = generateRandomHashMap(); final Object key = fetchSomeKey(); final Integer i = map.get(key); if (i != null) { map.put(i + 1); } else { // do something } If you do not want to rely on autoboxing, you should say something like map.put(new Integer(1 + i.getValue())); instead.

在java 8中，简单易行的方法如下:

final ConcurrentMap<String, AtomicLong> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, AtomicLong>();
    map.computeIfAbsent("foo", key -> new AtomicLong(0)).incrementAndGet();