在所有受支持的Python版本中，将类似ISO 8601的日期字符串转换为UNIX时间戳或datetime.datetime对象而无需安装第三方模块的一种简单方法是使用SQLite的日期解析器。

#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import with_statement, division, print_function
import sqlite3
import datetime

testtimes = [
    "2016-08-25T16:01:26.123456Z",
    "2016-08-25T16:01:29",
]
db = sqlite3.connect(":memory:")
c = db.cursor()
for timestring in testtimes:
    c.execute("SELECT strftime('%s', ?)", (timestring,))
    converted = c.fetchone()[0]
    print("%s is %s after epoch" % (timestring, converted))
    dt = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(int(converted))
    print("datetime is %s" % dt)

输出：

2016-08-25T16:01:26.123456Z is 1472140886 after epoch
datetime is 2016-08-25 12:01:26
2016-08-25T16:01:29 is 1472140889 after epoch
datetime is 2016-08-25 12:01:29

datetime.fromisoformat（）在Python 3.11中得到了改进，可以解析大多数ISO 8601格式

datetime.fromisoformat（）现在可以用于解析大多数ISO 8601格式，只有支持小数小时和分的格式除外。以前，此方法只支持datetime.isoformat（）发出的格式。

>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-11-04T00:05:23Z')
datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
>>> datetime.fromisoformat('20111104T000523')
datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23)
>>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-W01-2T00:05:23.283')
datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 4, 0, 5, 23, 283000)

这适用于Python 3.2以上版本的stdlib（假设所有时间戳都是UTC）：

from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta
datetime.strptime(timestamp, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ").replace(
    tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(0)))

例如

>>> datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(0)))
... datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 11, 6, 2, 47, 879129, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)

只需使用python dateutil模块：

>>> import dateutil.parser as dp
>>> t = '1984-06-02T19:05:00.000Z'
>>> parsed_t = dp.parse(t)
>>> print(parsed_t)
datetime.datetime(1984, 6, 2, 19, 5, tzinfo=tzutc())

文档

如今，Arrow还可以作为第三方解决方案：

>>> import arrow
>>> date = arrow.get("2008-09-03T20:56:35.450686Z")
>>> date.datetime
datetime.datetime(2008, 9, 3, 20, 56, 35, 450686, tzinfo=tzutc())

最初我尝试了：

from operator import neg, pos
from time import strptime, mktime
from datetime import datetime, tzinfo, timedelta

class MyUTCOffsetTimezone(tzinfo):
    @staticmethod
    def with_offset(offset_no_signal, signal):  # type: (str, str) -> MyUTCOffsetTimezone
        return MyUTCOffsetTimezone((pos if signal == '+' else neg)(
            (datetime.strptime(offset_no_signal, '%H:%M') - datetime(1900, 1, 1))
          .total_seconds()))

    def __init__(self, offset, name=None):
        self.offset = timedelta(seconds=offset)
        self.name = name or self.__class__.__name__

    def utcoffset(self, dt):
        return self.offset

    def tzname(self, dt):
        return self.name

    def dst(self, dt):
        return timedelta(0)


def to_datetime_tz(dt):  # type: (str) -> datetime
    fmt = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f'
    if dt[-6] in frozenset(('+', '-')):
        dt, sign, offset = strptime(dt[:-6], fmt), dt[-6], dt[-5:]
        return datetime.fromtimestamp(mktime(dt),
                                      tz=MyUTCOffsetTimezone.with_offset(offset, sign))
    elif dt[-1] == 'Z':
        return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt + 'Z')
    return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt)

但这在负时区不起作用。然而，我在Python 3.7.3中工作得很好：

from datetime import datetime


def to_datetime_tz(dt):  # type: (str) -> datetime
    fmt = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f'
    if dt[-6] in frozenset(('+', '-')):
        return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt + '%z')
    elif dt[-1] == 'Z':
        return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt + 'Z')
    return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt)

一些测试注意到，输出只在微秒的精度上有所不同。我的机器精度达到6位数，但YMMV：

for dt_in, dt_out in (
        ('2019-03-11T08:00:00.000Z', '2019-03-11T08:00:00'),
        ('2019-03-11T08:00:00.000+11:00', '2019-03-11T08:00:00+11:00'),
        ('2019-03-11T08:00:00.000-11:00', '2019-03-11T08:00:00-11:00')
    ):
    isoformat = to_datetime_tz(dt_in).isoformat()
    assert isoformat == dt_out, '{} != {}'.format(isoformat, dt_out)