我需要将RFC 3339字符串(如“2008-09-03T20:56:55.450686Z”)解析为Python的datetime类型。
我在Python标准库中找到了strptime,但它不是很方便。
最好的方法是什么?
我需要将RFC 3339字符串(如“2008-09-03T20:56:55.450686Z”)解析为Python的datetime类型。
我在Python标准库中找到了strptime,但它不是很方便。
最好的方法是什么?
当前回答
注意,在Python 2.6+和Py3K中,%f字符捕获微秒。
>>> datetime.datetime.strptime("2008-09-03T20:56:35.450686Z", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ")
请参阅此处的问题
其他回答
要获得与2.X标准库兼容的功能,请尝试:
calendar.timegm(time.strptime(date.split(".")[0]+"UTC", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%Z"))
calendar.timegm是time.mktime缺少的gm版本。
因为ISO 8601允许出现许多可选冒号和破折号的变体,基本上是CCYY MM DDThh:MM:ss[Z|(+|-)hh:MM]。如果你想使用strptime,你需要先去掉这些变体。目标是生成utc-datetime对象。如果您只需要一个适用于UTC的Z后缀的基本案例,如2016-06-29T19:36:29.3453Z:
datetime.datetime.strptime(timestamp.translate(None, ':-'), "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%fZ")
如果您想处理时区偏移,如2016-06-29T19:36:29.3453-0400或2008-09-03T20:56:55.450686+05:00,请使用以下命令。这些将把所有变体转换成没有变量分隔符的东西,如20080903T205635.450686+0500,使其更一致/更容易解析。
import re
# this regex removes all colons and all
# dashes EXCEPT for the dash indicating + or - utc offset for the timezone
conformed_timestamp = re.sub(r"[:]|([-](?!((\d{2}[:]\d{2})|(\d{4}))$))", '', timestamp)
datetime.datetime.strptime(conformed_timestamp, "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%f%z" )
如果您的系统不支持%z strptime指令(您看到类似ValueError的内容:“z”是格式为“%Y%m%dT%H%m%S.%f%z”的错误指令),则需要手动从z(UTC)偏移时间。注意%z在python版本<3的系统上可能不起作用,因为它依赖于c库支持,而c库支持随系统/python构建类型(例如Jython、Cython等)而变化。
import re
import datetime
# this regex removes all colons and all
# dashes EXCEPT for the dash indicating + or - utc offset for the timezone
conformed_timestamp = re.sub(r"[:]|([-](?!((\d{2}[:]\d{2})|(\d{4}))$))", '', timestamp)
# split on the offset to remove it. use a capture group to keep the delimiter
split_timestamp = re.split(r"[+|-]",conformed_timestamp)
main_timestamp = split_timestamp[0]
if len(split_timestamp) == 3:
sign = split_timestamp[1]
offset = split_timestamp[2]
else:
sign = None
offset = None
# generate the datetime object without the offset at UTC time
output_datetime = datetime.datetime.strptime(main_timestamp +"Z", "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%fZ" )
if offset:
# create timedelta based on offset
offset_delta = datetime.timedelta(hours=int(sign+offset[:-2]), minutes=int(sign+offset[-2:]))
# offset datetime with timedelta
output_datetime = output_datetime + offset_delta
注意,在Python 2.6+和Py3K中,%f字符捕获微秒。
>>> datetime.datetime.strptime("2008-09-03T20:56:35.450686Z", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ")
请参阅此处的问题
最初我尝试了:
from operator import neg, pos
from time import strptime, mktime
from datetime import datetime, tzinfo, timedelta
class MyUTCOffsetTimezone(tzinfo):
@staticmethod
def with_offset(offset_no_signal, signal): # type: (str, str) -> MyUTCOffsetTimezone
return MyUTCOffsetTimezone((pos if signal == '+' else neg)(
(datetime.strptime(offset_no_signal, '%H:%M') - datetime(1900, 1, 1))
.total_seconds()))
def __init__(self, offset, name=None):
self.offset = timedelta(seconds=offset)
self.name = name or self.__class__.__name__
def utcoffset(self, dt):
return self.offset
def tzname(self, dt):
return self.name
def dst(self, dt):
return timedelta(0)
def to_datetime_tz(dt): # type: (str) -> datetime
fmt = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f'
if dt[-6] in frozenset(('+', '-')):
dt, sign, offset = strptime(dt[:-6], fmt), dt[-6], dt[-5:]
return datetime.fromtimestamp(mktime(dt),
tz=MyUTCOffsetTimezone.with_offset(offset, sign))
elif dt[-1] == 'Z':
return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt + 'Z')
return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt)
但这在负时区不起作用。然而,我在Python 3.7.3中工作得很好:
from datetime import datetime
def to_datetime_tz(dt): # type: (str) -> datetime
fmt = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f'
if dt[-6] in frozenset(('+', '-')):
return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt + '%z')
elif dt[-1] == 'Z':
return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt + 'Z')
return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt)
一些测试注意到,输出只在微秒的精度上有所不同。我的机器精度达到6位数,但YMMV:
for dt_in, dt_out in (
('2019-03-11T08:00:00.000Z', '2019-03-11T08:00:00'),
('2019-03-11T08:00:00.000+11:00', '2019-03-11T08:00:00+11:00'),
('2019-03-11T08:00:00.000-11:00', '2019-03-11T08:00:00-11:00')
):
isoformat = to_datetime_tz(dt_in).isoformat()
assert isoformat == dt_out, '{} != {}'.format(isoformat, dt_out)
def parseISO8601DateTime(datetimeStr):
import time
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
def log_date_string(when):
gmt = time.gmtime(when)
if time.daylight and gmt[8]:
tz = time.altzone
else:
tz = time.timezone
if tz > 0:
neg = 1
else:
neg = 0
tz = -tz
h, rem = divmod(tz, 3600)
m, rem = divmod(rem, 60)
if neg:
offset = '-%02d%02d' % (h, m)
else:
offset = '+%02d%02d' % (h, m)
return time.strftime('%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S ', gmt) + offset
dt = datetime.strptime(datetimeStr, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ')
timestamp = dt.timestamp()
return dt + timedelta(hours=dt.hour-time.gmtime(timestamp).tm_hour)
注意,如果字符串不以Z结尾,我们可以使用%Z进行解析。