感谢Mark Amery的出色回答，我设计了一个函数来解释所有可能的ISO日期时间格式：

class FixedOffset(tzinfo):
    """Fixed offset in minutes: `time = utc_time + utc_offset`."""
    def __init__(self, offset):
        self.__offset = timedelta(minutes=offset)
        hours, minutes = divmod(offset, 60)
        #NOTE: the last part is to remind about deprecated POSIX GMT+h timezones
        #  that have the opposite sign in the name;
        #  the corresponding numeric value is not used e.g., no minutes
        self.__name = '<%+03d%02d>%+d' % (hours, minutes, -hours)
    def utcoffset(self, dt=None):
        return self.__offset
    def tzname(self, dt=None):
        return self.__name
    def dst(self, dt=None):
        return timedelta(0)
    def __repr__(self):
        return 'FixedOffset(%d)' % (self.utcoffset().total_seconds() / 60)
    def __getinitargs__(self):
        return (self.__offset.total_seconds()/60,)

def parse_isoformat_datetime(isodatetime):
    try:
        return datetime.strptime(isodatetime, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f')
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        return datetime.strptime(isodatetime, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')
    except ValueError:
        pass
    pat = r'(.*?[+-]\d{2}):(\d{2})'
    temp = re.sub(pat, r'\1\2', isodatetime)
    naive_date_str = temp[:-5]
    offset_str = temp[-5:]
    naive_dt = datetime.strptime(naive_date_str, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f')
    offset = int(offset_str[-4:-2])*60 + int(offset_str[-2:])
    if offset_str[0] == "-":
        offset = -offset
    return naive_dt.replace(tzinfo=FixedOffset(offset))

另一种方法是为ISO-8601使用专用解析器，即使用dateutil解析器的等参函数：

from dateutil import parser

date = parser.isoparse("2008-09-03T20:56:35.450686+01:00")
print(date)

输出：

2008-09-03 20:56:35.450686+01:00

标准Python函数datetime.fromisoformat的文档中也提到了该函数：

一个功能更全面的ISO 8601解析器dateutil.parser.isose是在第三方包dateutil中提供。

现在有玛雅：人类的日期时间™, 来自流行的Requests:HTTP for Humans的作者™ 包裹：

>>> import maya
>>> str = '2008-09-03T20:56:35.450686Z'
>>> maya.MayaDT.from_rfc3339(str).datetime()
datetime.datetime(2008, 9, 3, 20, 56, 35, 450686, tzinfo=<UTC>)

我已经为ISO 8601标准编写了一个解析器，并将其放在GitHub上：https://github.com/boxed/iso8601.此实现支持规范中的所有内容，但持续时间、间隔、周期性间隔和Python datetime模块支持的日期范围之外的日期除外。

包括测试！：P

最初我尝试了：

from operator import neg, pos
from time import strptime, mktime
from datetime import datetime, tzinfo, timedelta

class MyUTCOffsetTimezone(tzinfo):
    @staticmethod
    def with_offset(offset_no_signal, signal):  # type: (str, str) -> MyUTCOffsetTimezone
        return MyUTCOffsetTimezone((pos if signal == '+' else neg)(
            (datetime.strptime(offset_no_signal, '%H:%M') - datetime(1900, 1, 1))
          .total_seconds()))

    def __init__(self, offset, name=None):
        self.offset = timedelta(seconds=offset)
        self.name = name or self.__class__.__name__

    def utcoffset(self, dt):
        return self.offset

    def tzname(self, dt):
        return self.name

    def dst(self, dt):
        return timedelta(0)


def to_datetime_tz(dt):  # type: (str) -> datetime
    fmt = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f'
    if dt[-6] in frozenset(('+', '-')):
        dt, sign, offset = strptime(dt[:-6], fmt), dt[-6], dt[-5:]
        return datetime.fromtimestamp(mktime(dt),
                                      tz=MyUTCOffsetTimezone.with_offset(offset, sign))
    elif dt[-1] == 'Z':
        return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt + 'Z')
    return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt)

但这在负时区不起作用。然而，我在Python 3.7.3中工作得很好：

from datetime import datetime


def to_datetime_tz(dt):  # type: (str) -> datetime
    fmt = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f'
    if dt[-6] in frozenset(('+', '-')):
        return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt + '%z')
    elif dt[-1] == 'Z':
        return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt + 'Z')
    return datetime.strptime(dt, fmt)

一些测试注意到，输出只在微秒的精度上有所不同。我的机器精度达到6位数，但YMMV：

for dt_in, dt_out in (
        ('2019-03-11T08:00:00.000Z', '2019-03-11T08:00:00'),
        ('2019-03-11T08:00:00.000+11:00', '2019-03-11T08:00:00+11:00'),
        ('2019-03-11T08:00:00.000-11:00', '2019-03-11T08:00:00-11:00')
    ):
    isoformat = to_datetime_tz(dt_in).isoformat()
    assert isoformat == dt_out, '{} != {}'.format(isoformat, dt_out)

因为ISO 8601允许出现许多可选冒号和破折号的变体，基本上是CCYY MM DDThh:MM:ss[Z|（+|-）hh:MM]。如果你想使用strptime，你需要先去掉这些变体。目标是生成utc-datetime对象。如果您只需要一个适用于UTC的Z后缀的基本案例，如2016-06-29T19:36:29.3453Z：

datetime.datetime.strptime(timestamp.translate(None, ':-'), "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%fZ")

如果您想处理时区偏移，如2016-06-29T19:36:29.3453-0400或2008-09-03T20:56:55.450686+05:00，请使用以下命令。这些将把所有变体转换成没有变量分隔符的东西，如20080903T205635.450686+0500，使其更一致/更容易解析。

import re
# this regex removes all colons and all 
# dashes EXCEPT for the dash indicating + or - utc offset for the timezone
conformed_timestamp = re.sub(r"[:]|([-](?!((\d{2}[:]\d{2})|(\d{4}))$))", '', timestamp)
datetime.datetime.strptime(conformed_timestamp, "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%f%z" )

如果您的系统不支持%z strptime指令（您看到类似ValueError的内容：“z”是格式为“%Y%m%dT%H%m%S.%f%z”的错误指令），则需要手动从z（UTC）偏移时间。注意%z在python版本＜3的系统上可能不起作用，因为它依赖于c库支持，而c库支持随系统/python构建类型（例如Jython、Cython等）而变化。

import re
import datetime

# this regex removes all colons and all 
# dashes EXCEPT for the dash indicating + or - utc offset for the timezone
conformed_timestamp = re.sub(r"[:]|([-](?!((\d{2}[:]\d{2})|(\d{4}))$))", '', timestamp)

# split on the offset to remove it. use a capture group to keep the delimiter
split_timestamp = re.split(r"[+|-]",conformed_timestamp)
main_timestamp = split_timestamp[0]
if len(split_timestamp) == 3:
    sign = split_timestamp[1]
    offset = split_timestamp[2]
else:
    sign = None
    offset = None

# generate the datetime object without the offset at UTC time
output_datetime = datetime.datetime.strptime(main_timestamp +"Z", "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%fZ" )
if offset:
    # create timedelta based on offset
    offset_delta = datetime.timedelta(hours=int(sign+offset[:-2]), minutes=int(sign+offset[-2:]))
    # offset datetime with timedelta
    output_datetime = output_datetime + offset_delta