下面哪个比较好?

a instanceof B

or

B.class.isAssignableFrom(a.getClass())

我所知道的唯一区别是,当'a'为空时,第一个返回false,而第二个抛出异常。除此之外,它们总是给出相同的结果吗?


当前回答

除了上面提到的基本区别之外,在类中的instanceof操作符和isAssignableFrom方法之间还有一个核心的微妙区别。

Read instanceof as “is this (the left part) the instance of this or any subclass of this (the right part)” and read x.getClass().isAssignableFrom(Y.class) as “Can I write X x = new Y()”. In other words, instanceof operator checks if the left object is same or subclass of right class, while isAssignableFrom checks if we can assign object of the parameter class (from) to the reference of the class on which the method is called. Note that both of these consider the actual instance not the reference type.

考虑一个A、B和C三个类的例子,其中C扩展了B, B扩展了A。

B b = new C();

System.out.println(b instanceof A); //is b (which is actually class C object) instance of A, yes. This will return true.  
System.out.println(b instanceof B); // is b (which is actually class C object) instance of B, yes. This will return true.  
System.out.println(b instanceof C); // is b (which is actually class C object) instance of C, yes. This will return true. If the first statement would be B b = new B(), this would have been false.
System.out.println(b.getClass().isAssignableFrom(A.class));//Can I write C c = new A(), no. So this is false.
System.out.println(b.getClass().isAssignableFrom(B.class)); //Can I write C c = new B(), no. So this is false.
System.out.println(b.getClass().isAssignableFrom(C.class)); //Can I write C c = new C(), Yes. So this is true.

其他回答

这个帖子让我了解了instanceof与isAssignableFrom的不同之处,所以我想分享一下我自己的一些内容。

我发现使用isAssignableFrom是唯一的(可能不是唯一的,但可能是最简单的)方法来询问自己一个类的引用是否可以接受另一个类的实例,当一个类的实例都没有时进行比较。

因此,当我只有类时,我不认为使用instanceof操作符比较可赋值性是一个好主意,除非我打算从其中一个类创建一个实例;我觉得这样会很草率。

Instanceof只能用于引用类型,不能用于基本类型。isAssignableFrom()可以用于任何类对象:

a instanceof int  // syntax error
3 instanceof Foo  // syntax error
int.class.isAssignableFrom(int.class)  // true

看到http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Class.html isAssignableFrom (. lang . class)。

这完全取决于代码中此时可用的内容。我不建议使用isAssignableFrom如果你正在使用一个实际的对象-有一个更好的选择。下面是一份根据你所拥有的产品进行排名的推荐列表:

如果你有一个对象a,并且你在编译时知道类型B: a instanceof实例 如果你有一个对象a,你不知道类型B,但你有一个对象B: .isInstance b.getClass () () 如果你有一个对象a,在编译时没有类型或实例化对象,但你有一个类对象class <?> someBClass: someBClass.isInstance (a) 如果你没有实例化对象,但是你有两个Class<?>对象: someBClass.isAssignableFrom (someAClass)。

假设你从列表的顶部开始,然后往下做,每一种方法都是实现目标的最简单的方法,根据我自己的研究,我相信你也会得到最好的表现。

isAssignableFrom(A, B) =

if (A == B) return true
else if (B == java.lang.Object) return false
else return isAssignableFrom(A, getSuperClass(B))

The pseudo code above is a definition of, if references of type/class A is assignable from references of type/class B. It is a recursive definition. To some it may be helpful, for others it may be confusing. I add it in case somebody should find it useful. This is just an attempt to capture my understanding, it is not the official definition. It is used in a certain Java VM implementation and works for many example programs, so while I cannot guarentee that it captures all aspects of isAssignableFrom, it is not completely off.

Instanceof也不能用于基本类型或泛型类型。如下代码所示:

//Define Class< T > type ... 

Object e = new Object();

if(e instanceof T) {
  // Do something.
}

错误是:不能对类型参数t执行instanceof检查,而是使用它的erasure对象,因为进一步的泛型类型信息将在运行时被擦除。

由于删除运行时引用的类型擦除而无法编译。然而,下面的代码将编译:

if( type.isAssignableFrom(e.getClass())){
  // Do something.
}