在性能“2”方面(与JMH):

class A{}
class B extends A{}

public class InstanceOfTest {

public static final Object a = new A();
public static final Object b = new B();

@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public boolean testInstanceOf()
{
    return b instanceof A;
}

@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public boolean testIsInstance()
{
    return A.class.isInstance(b);
}

@Benchmark
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public boolean testIsAssignableFrom()
{
    return A.class.isAssignableFrom(b.getClass());
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException {
    Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
            .include(InstanceOfTest.class.getSimpleName())
            .warmupIterations(5)
            .measurementIterations(5)
            .forks(1)
            .build();

    new Runner(opt).run();
}
}

它给:

Benchmark                            Mode  Cnt  Score   Error  Units
InstanceOfTest.testInstanceOf        avgt    5  1,972 ? 0,002  ns/op
InstanceOfTest.testIsAssignableFrom  avgt    5  1,991 ? 0,004  ns/op
InstanceOfTest.testIsInstance        avgt    5  1,972 ? 0,003  ns/op

因此，我们可以得出结论:instanceof as fast as isInstance() and isAssignableFrom() not far(+0.9%的执行时间)。所以无论你选择什么都没有真正的区别

我们在团队中做的一些测试表明，A.class. isassignablefrom (B. getclass())比B instanceof a工作得更快，如果你需要对大量元素进行检查，这是非常有用的。

考虑以下情况。假设你想检查类型A是否是obj类型的超类，你也可以这样做

... A.class.isAssignableFrom（obj.getClass（）） ...

OR

.．. A . obj instanceof .．.

但是isAssignableFrom解决方案要求obj的类型在这里是可见的。如果不是这样(例如，obj的类型可能是一个私有内部类)，则该选项无效。然而，instanceof solution总是可以工作的。

还有另一个区别:

不管X是什么，null instanceof X都是假的

null.getClass().isAssignableFrom(X)将抛出NullPointerException

除了上面提到的基本区别之外，在类中的instanceof操作符和isAssignableFrom方法之间还有一个核心的微妙区别。

Read instanceof as “is this (the left part) the instance of this or any subclass of this (the right part)” and read x.getClass().isAssignableFrom(Y.class) as “Can I write X x = new Y()”. In other words, instanceof operator checks if the left object is same or subclass of right class, while isAssignableFrom checks if we can assign object of the parameter class (from) to the reference of the class on which the method is called. Note that both of these consider the actual instance not the reference type.

考虑一个A、B和C三个类的例子，其中C扩展了B, B扩展了A。

B b = new C();

System.out.println(b instanceof A); //is b (which is actually class C object) instance of A, yes. This will return true.  
System.out.println(b instanceof B); // is b (which is actually class C object) instance of B, yes. This will return true.  
System.out.println(b instanceof C); // is b (which is actually class C object) instance of C, yes. This will return true. If the first statement would be B b = new B(), this would have been false.
System.out.println(b.getClass().isAssignableFrom(A.class));//Can I write C c = new A(), no. So this is false.
System.out.println(b.getClass().isAssignableFrom(B.class)); //Can I write C c = new B(), no. So this is false.
System.out.println(b.getClass().isAssignableFrom(C.class)); //Can I write C c = new C(), Yes. So this is true.

用一些例子来证明它怎么样?

@Test
public void isInstanceOf() {
    Exception anEx1 = new Exception("ex");
    Exception anEx2 = new RuntimeException("ex");
    RuntimeException anEx3 = new RuntimeException("ex");

    //Base case, handles inheritance
    Assert.assertTrue(anEx1 instanceof Exception);
    Assert.assertTrue(anEx2 instanceof Exception);
    Assert.assertTrue(anEx3 instanceof Exception);

    //Other cases
    Assert.assertFalse(anEx1 instanceof RuntimeException);
    Assert.assertTrue(anEx2 instanceof RuntimeException);
    Assert.assertTrue(anEx3 instanceof RuntimeException);
}

@Test
public void isAssignableFrom() {
    Exception anEx1 = new Exception("ex");
    Exception anEx2 = new RuntimeException("ex");
    RuntimeException anEx3 = new RuntimeException("ex");

    //Correct usage = The base class goes first
    Assert.assertTrue(Exception.class.isAssignableFrom(anEx1.getClass()));
    Assert.assertTrue(Exception.class.isAssignableFrom(anEx2.getClass()));
    Assert.assertTrue(Exception.class.isAssignableFrom(anEx3.getClass()));

    //Incorrect usage = Method parameter is used in the wrong order
    Assert.assertTrue(anEx1.getClass().isAssignableFrom(Exception.class));
    Assert.assertFalse(anEx2.getClass().isAssignableFrom(Exception.class));
    Assert.assertFalse(anEx3.getClass().isAssignableFrom(Exception.class));
}