有两种路由:使用rbenv或RVM。下面是这两种食物的食谱。在此之前，您可能希望关闭gem本地文档的安装。

echo "gem: --no-ri --no-rdoc" >> ~/.gemrc

然后:

安装rbenv

安装ruby-build

运行:

rbenv install 2.1.2 (or whatever version you prefer)
rbenv global 2.1.2
gem update --system

这将在本地目录中安装gem系统的最新版本。这意味着您不会干扰系统配置。如果您正在问这个问题，那么您不应该破坏系统安全性，并且您将花费更长的时间来了解可能遇到的问题，而不仅仅是找到一种简单的方法来避免您开始时遇到的问题。了解更多关于操作系统和编程的知识后，再学习InfoSec。

使用'RVM'替代:

rvm install 2.1.2
rvm use 2.1.2
gem update --system

这有同样的结果，您最终得到的是一个本地Ruby和Gem系统，它不会影响系统版本。不需要Homebrew，也不需要覆盖系统库等等。

你需要修正你的路径。

要确定此修复是否有效，请运行以下命令:

which gem

这应该会输出一个你没有权限的目录:

/usr/bin/gem

要修复此问题，请执行以下步骤:

Determine the path you need to copy to your profile: rbenv init - The first line of the output is the line you need to copy over to your profile: export PATH="/Users/justin/.rbenv/shims:${PATH}" #path that needs to be copied source "/usr/local/Cellar/rbenv/0.4.0/libexec/../completions/rbenv.zsh" rbenv rehash 2>/dev/null rbenv() { typeset command command="$1" if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then shift fi case "$command" in rehash|shell) eval `rbenv "sh-$command" "$@"`;; *) command rbenv "$command" "$@";; esac } Copy the path to your profile and save it. Reload your profile (source ~/.zshenv for me). Run rbenv rehash.

现在当你运行哪个gem时，你应该得到一个你有权限的本地路径:

/Users/justin/.rbenv/shims/gem

正如bobbdelsol所指出的，rehash对我来说很管用:

==> which ruby
/usr/bin/ruby

==> rbenv install 1.9.3-p551
Downloading ruby-1.9.3-p551.tar.bz2...
-> https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/1.9/ruby-1.9.3-p551.tar.bz2
Installing ruby-1.9.3-p551...
Installed ruby-1.9.3-p551 to /Users/username/.rbenv/versions/1.9.3-p551


==> which ruby
/Users/username/.rbenv/shims/ruby

==> which gem
/Users/username/.rbenv/shims/gem

==> gem install compass
ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
    You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0 directory.


==> ruby -v
ruby 2.0.0p648 (2015-12-16 revision 53162) [universal.x86_64-darwin15]


==> rbenv global 1.9.3-p551


==> ruby -v
ruby 2.0.0p648 (2015-12-16 revision 53162) [universal.x86_64-darwin15]


==> rbenv global 1.9.3-p551


==> rbenv rehash


==> ruby -v
ruby 1.9.3p551 (2014-11-13 revision 48407) [x86_64-darwin15.4.0]


==> gem install compass
Fetching: sass-3.4.22.gem (100%)
Fetching: multi_json-1.11.3.gem (100%)
Fetching: compass-core-1.0.3.gem (100%)
Fetching: compass-import-once-1.0.5.gem (100%)
Fetching: chunky_png-1.3.5.gem (100%)
Fetching: rb-fsevent-0.9.7.gem (100%)
Fetching: ffi-1.9.10.gem (100%)
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
Fetching: rb-inotify-0.9.7.gem (100%)
Fetching: compass-1.0.3.gem (100%)
    Compass is charityware. If you love it, please donate on our behalf at http://umdf.org/compass Thanks!
Successfully installed sass-3.4.22
Successfully installed multi_json-1.11.3
Successfully installed compass-core-1.0.3
Successfully installed compass-import-once-1.0.5
Successfully installed chunky_png-1.3.5
Successfully installed rb-fsevent-0.9.7
Successfully installed ffi-1.9.10
Successfully installed rb-inotify-0.9.7
Successfully installed compass-1.0.3
9 gems installed
Installing ri documentation for sass-3.4.22...
Installing ri documentation for multi_json-1.11.3...
Installing ri documentation for compass-core-1.0.3...
Installing ri documentation for compass-import-once-1.0.5...
Installing ri documentation for chunky_png-1.3.5...
Installing ri documentation for rb-fsevent-0.9.7...
Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.9.10...
Installing ri documentation for rb-inotify-0.9.7...
Installing ri documentation for compass-1.0.3...
Installing RDoc documentation for sass-3.4.22...
Installing RDoc documentation for multi_json-1.11.3...
Installing RDoc documentation for compass-core-1.0.3...
Installing RDoc documentation for compass-import-once-1.0.5...
Installing RDoc documentation for chunky_png-1.3.5...
Installing RDoc documentation for rb-fsevent-0.9.7...
Installing RDoc documentation for ffi-1.9.10...
Installing RDoc documentation for rb-inotify-0.9.7...
Installing RDoc documentation for compass-1.0.3...

sudo gem update --system
sudo gem install (gemfile)

你没有写/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8目录的权限。

也就是说，你没有权限在那里写东西。

这是苹果安装的Ruby版本，供他们自己使用。虽然如果您知道自己在做什么，可以对其进行一些小的修改，因为您不确定权限问题，但我认为继续这样做并不是个好主意。

相反，我强烈建议您考虑使用rbenv或RVM来管理一个单独的Ruby，将其安装到您的主目录中的沙箱中，这样您就可以修改/折叠/主轴/更改，而不必担心会弄乱系统Ruby。

在这两者之间，我使用rbenv，尽管我过去经常使用RVM。rbenv采用了一种更加“不干涉”的方法来管理Ruby安装。RVM有很多特性并且非常强大，但是，结果是更具有侵入性。无论哪种情况，在开始安装之前，都要多阅读几次安装文档。

安装gem或更新RubyGems失败，出现权限错误，然后输入此命令

sudo gem install cocoapods