我的问题是，我之前从zshell切换到bash，没有登录:

/bin/bash --login

虽然我已经安装了rvm，但它无法切换到我新安装的rvm ruby版本，并且仍然试图使用默认的mac安装的ruby二进制。因此我的困惑(用户错误!!)和持续的权限问题…

在使用下面我的原始答案之前，试试nathanwhy的答案。他推荐的——user-install应该可以达到同样的目的，而不必破坏.bash_profile或确定Ruby版本。

如果您不关心特定的ruby版本，您可以跳过繁重的ruby环境管理器选项，只需将这些行添加到~/.bash_profile:

export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.0.0"
export GEM_PATH="$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.0.0"

路径是从gem env的原始输出中窃取的:

RubyGems Environment:
  - RUBYGEMS VERSION: 2.0.14
  - RUBY VERSION: 2.0.0
  - INSTALLATION DIRECTORY: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
  - RUBY EXECUTABLE: /System/Library/.../2.0/usr/bin/ruby
  - EXECUTABLE DIRECTORY: /usr/bin
  - RUBYGEMS PLATFORMS:
    - ruby
    - universal-darwin-14
  - GEM PATHS:
     - /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
     - /Users/mylogin/.gem/ruby/2.0.0  #  <---- This line, right here. -----
     - /System/Library/.../usr/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0
  ...

不需要进行任何操作，并且您可以使用已经安装好的Ruby，这是Apple提供的。

该错误的原因是您没有以root用户登录终端。

如果你已经在终端类型的mac上启用了根用户

$ su

如果您没有root用户，您需要使用以下步骤启用它

From the Apple menu choose System Preferences…. From the View menu choose Users & Groups. Click the lock and authenticate as an administrator account. Click Login Options…. Click the “Edit…” or “Join…” button at the bottom right. Click the “Open Directory Utility…” button. Click the lock in the Directory Utility window. Enter an administrator account name and password, then click OK. Choose Enable Root User from the Edit menu. Enter the root password you wish to use in both the Password and Verify fields, then click OK.

更多内容请登录http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1528

在被困了几个小时后，至少它对我有用。

你需要修正你的路径。

要确定此修复是否有效，请运行以下命令:

which gem

这应该会输出一个你没有权限的目录:

/usr/bin/gem

要修复此问题，请执行以下步骤:

Determine the path you need to copy to your profile: rbenv init - The first line of the output is the line you need to copy over to your profile: export PATH="/Users/justin/.rbenv/shims:${PATH}" #path that needs to be copied source "/usr/local/Cellar/rbenv/0.4.0/libexec/../completions/rbenv.zsh" rbenv rehash 2>/dev/null rbenv() { typeset command command="$1" if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then shift fi case "$command" in rehash|shell) eval `rbenv "sh-$command" "$@"`;; *) command rbenv "$command" "$@";; esac } Copy the path to your profile and save it. Reload your profile (source ~/.zshenv for me). Run rbenv rehash.

现在当你运行哪个gem时，你应该得到一个你有权限的本地路径:

/Users/justin/.rbenv/shims/gem

给用户$whoami在这些文件夹中创建一些东西

sudo chown -R user /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0

尝试添加——user-install而不是使用sudo:

gem install mygem --user-install