在我的经验中，我看到Enum的使用有时会导致系统很难改变。如果您正在为一组频繁更改的特定于域的值使用Enum，并且它有许多依赖于它的其他类和组件，那么您可能要考虑不使用Enum。

例如，一个交易系统使用Enum进行市场/交易所。市场有很多，几乎可以肯定的是，会有很多子系统需要进入这个市场列表。每当你想要一个新的市场添加到你的系统中，或者如果你想要删除一个市场，有可能太阳下的一切都将不得不重建和释放。

A better example would be something like a product category type. Let's say your software manages inventory for a department store. There are a lot of product categories, and many reasons why this list of categories could change. Managers may want to stock a new product line, get rid of other product lines, and possibly reorganize the categories from time to time. If you have to rebuild and redeploy all of your systems simply because users want to add a product category, then you've taken something that should be simple and fast (adding a category) and made it very difficult and slow.

总之，如果您所表示的数据随着时间的推移是非常静态的，并且有有限数量的依赖项，则枚举是很好的选择。但是如果数据变化很大并且有很多依赖关系，那么就需要一些在编译时不检查的动态的东西(比如数据库表)。

在我看来，你到目前为止的所有答案都是正确的，但根据我的经验，我想用几句话来表达:

如果希望编译器检查标识符值的有效性，请使用枚举。

否则，您可以像往常一样使用字符串(可能您为应用程序定义了一些“约定”)，并且您将非常灵活……但是你不能在你的字符串上获得100%的安全，你只能在运行时意识到它们。

除了@BradB，回答:

That is so true... It's strange that it is the only answer who mention that. When beginners discover enums, they quickly take that as a magic-trick for valid identifier checking for the compiler. And when the code is intended to be use on distributed systems, they cry... some month later. Maintain backward compatibility with enums that contains non static list of values is a real concern, and pain. This is because when you add a value to an existing enum, its type change (despite the name does not).

"Ho, wait, it may look like the same type, right? After all, they’re enums with the same name – and aren’t enums just integers under the hood?" And for these reasons, your compiler will likely not flag the use of one definition of the type itself where it was expecting the other. But in fact, they are (in most important ways) different types. Most importantly, they have different data domains – values that are acceptable given the type. By adding a value, we’ve effectively changed the type of the enum and therefore break backward compatibility.

总之:当你想使用它的时候使用它，但是，请检查所使用的数据域是一个有限的、已知的、固定的集合。

不管别人怎么说…在我曾经工作过的一个旧项目中，实体(独立应用程序)之间的大量通信使用代表一个小集合的整数。用静态方法将set声明为enum很有用，可以从value中获取enum object，反之亦然。代码看起来更干净，开关案例可用性和更容易写入日志。

enum ProtocolType {
    TCP_IP (1, "Transmission Control Protocol"), 
    IP (2, "Internet Protocol"), 
    UDP (3, "User Datagram Protocol");

    public int code;
    public String name;

    private ProtocolType(int code, String name) {
        this.code = code;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public static ProtocolType fromInt(int code) {
    switch(code) {
    case 1:
        return TCP_IP;
    case 2:
        return IP;
    case 3:
        return UDP;
    }

    // we had some exception handling for this
    // as the contract for these was between 2 independent applications
    // liable to change between versions (mostly adding new stuff)
    // but keeping it simple here.
    return null;
    }
}

使用ProtocolType.fromInt(2)从接收的值(例如1,2)创建enum对象 使用myEnumObj.name写入日志

希望这能有所帮助。

Something none of the other answers have covered that make enums particularly powerful are the ability to have template methods. Methods can be part of the base enum and overridden by each type. And, with the behavior attached to the enum, it often eliminates the need for if-else constructs or switch statements as this blog post demonstrates - where enum.method() does what originally would be executed inside the conditional. The same example also shows the use of static imports with enums as well producing much cleaner DSL like code.

其他一些有趣的特性包括枚举提供equals()、toString()和hashCode()的实现，并实现Serializable和Comparable。

我强烈推荐Bruce Eckel的《Thinking in Java》第4版，它用了整整一章来讨论这个主题。特别具有启发性的例子是将石头剪子布(即RoShamBo)游戏作为枚举。

让我恍然大悟的是:Enum有一个私有构造函数，只能通过公共枚举来访问:

enum RGB {
    RED("Red"), GREEN("Green"), BLUE("Blue");

    public static final String PREFIX = "color ";

    public String getRGBString() {
        return PREFIX + color;
    }

    String color;

    RGB(String color) {
        this.color = color;
    }
}

public class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String c = RGB.RED.getRGBString();
        System.out.print("Hello " + c);
    }
}