我有一个Python脚本,它把一个整数列表作为输入,我需要一次处理四个整数。不幸的是,我无法控制输入,否则我将它作为一个四元素元组列表传入。目前,我以这种方式迭代它:

for i in range(0, len(ints), 4):
    # dummy op for example code
    foo += ints[i] * ints[i + 1] + ints[i + 2] * ints[i + 3]

不过,它看起来很像“C-think”,这让我怀疑有一种更python的方式来处理这种情况。该列表在迭代后被丢弃,因此不需要保留。也许这样会更好?

while ints:
    foo += ints[0] * ints[1] + ints[2] * ints[3]
    ints[0:4] = []

不过,感觉还是不太对。: - /

相关问题:在Python中如何将列表分割成大小均匀的块?


当前回答

使用map()而不是zip()修复填充问题在J.F.塞巴斯蒂安的回答:

>>> def chunker(iterable, chunksize):
...   return map(None,*[iter(iterable)]*chunksize)

例子:

>>> s = '1234567890'
>>> chunker(s, 3)
[('1', '2', '3'), ('4', '5', '6'), ('7', '8', '9'), ('0', None, None)]
>>> chunker(s, 4)
[('1', '2', '3', '4'), ('5', '6', '7', '8'), ('9', '0', None, None)]
>>> chunker(s, 5)
[('1', '2', '3', '4', '5'), ('6', '7', '8', '9', '0')]

其他回答

下面是我的go works on lists,iter和range…懒洋洋地:

def chunker(it,size):
    rv = [] 
    for i,el in enumerate(it,1) :   
        rv.append(el)
        if i % size == 0 : 
            yield rv
            rv = []
    if rv : yield rv        

几乎变成了一句俏皮话;(

In [95]: list(chunker(range(9),2) )                                                                                                                                          
Out[95]: [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7], [8]]

In [96]: list(chunker([1,2,3,4,5],2) )                                                                                                                                       
Out[96]: [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5]]

In [97]: list(chunker(iter(range(9)),2) )                                                                                                                                    
Out[97]: [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7], [8]]

In [98]: list(chunker(range(9),25) )                                                                                                                                         
Out[98]: [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]]

In [99]: list(chunker(range(9),1) )                                                                                                                                          
Out[99]: [[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]]

In [101]: %timeit list(chunker(range(101),2) )                                                                                                                               
11.3 µs ± 68.2 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000 loops each)

如果列表大小相同,可以使用zip()将它们组合成4元组列表。例如:

# Four lists of four elements each.

l1 = range(0, 4)
l2 = range(4, 8)
l3 = range(8, 12)
l4 = range(12, 16)

for i1, i2, i3, i4 in zip(l1, l2, l3, l4):
    ...

下面是zip()函数生成的内容:

>>> print l1
[0, 1, 2, 3]
>>> print l2
[4, 5, 6, 7]
>>> print l3
[8, 9, 10, 11]
>>> print l4
[12, 13, 14, 15]
>>> print zip(l1, l2, l3, l4)
[(0, 4, 8, 12), (1, 5, 9, 13), (2, 6, 10, 14), (3, 7, 11, 15)]

如果列表很大,并且您不想将它们组合成一个更大的列表,请使用itertools.izip(),它会生成一个迭代器,而不是一个列表。

from itertools import izip

for i1, i2, i3, i4 in izip(l1, l2, l3, l4):
    ...

下面是一个支持生成器的无导入chunker:

def chunks(seq, size):
    it = iter(seq)
    while True:
        ret = tuple(next(it) for _ in range(size))
        if len(ret) == size:
            yield ret
        else:
            raise StopIteration()

使用示例:

>>> def foo():
...     i = 0
...     while True:
...         i += 1
...         yield i
...
>>> c = chunks(foo(), 3)
>>> c.next()
(1, 2, 3)
>>> c.next()
(4, 5, 6)
>>> list(chunks('abcdefg', 2))
[('a', 'b'), ('c', 'd'), ('e', 'f')]

我从来不想填充我的块,所以这个要求是必要的。我发现在任何可迭代对象上工作的能力也是必需的。鉴于此,我决定扩展公认的答案,https://stackoverflow.com/a/434411/1074659。

如果由于需要比较和筛选填充值而不需要填充,则这种方法的性能会受到轻微的影响。然而,对于大块大小,这个实用程序是非常高性能的。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from itertools import zip_longest


_UNDEFINED = object()


def chunker(iterable, chunksize, fillvalue=_UNDEFINED):
    """
    Collect data into chunks and optionally pad it.

    Performance worsens as `chunksize` approaches 1.

    Inspired by:
        https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html#itertools-recipes

    """
    args = [iter(iterable)] * chunksize
    chunks = zip_longest(*args, fillvalue=fillvalue)
    yield from (
        filter(lambda val: val is not _UNDEFINED, chunk)
        if chunk[-1] is _UNDEFINED
        else chunk
        for chunk in chunks
    ) if fillvalue is _UNDEFINED else chunks

在我的特殊情况下,我需要填充项目,以重复最后一个元素,直到它达到大小,所以我改变了这个答案,以适应我的需要。

大小为4的输入输出示例:

Input = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
Output= [[1,2,3,4], [5,6,7,8]]

Input = [[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]]
Output= [[1,2,3,4], [5,6,7,7]]

Input = [1,2,3,4,5]
Output= [[1,2,3,4], [5,5,5,5]]
def chunker(seq, size):
    res = []
    for el in seq:
        res.append(el)
        if len(res) == size:
            yield res
            res = []
    if res:
        res = res + (size - len(res)) * [res[-1]] 
        yield res