我试图在Python中实现方法重载:
class A:
def stackoverflow(self):
print 'first method'
def stackoverflow(self, i):
print 'second method', i
ob=A()
ob.stackoverflow(2)
但是输出是第二种方法2;类似的:
class A:
def stackoverflow(self):
print 'first method'
def stackoverflow(self, i):
print 'second method', i
ob=A()
ob.stackoverflow()
给了
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "my.py", line 9, in <module>
ob.stackoverflow()
TypeError: stackoverflow() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)
我该怎么做呢?
在MathMethod.py文件中:
from multipledispatch import dispatch
@dispatch(int, int)
def Add(a, b):
return a + b
@dispatch(int, int, int)
def Add(a, b, c):
return a + b + c
@dispatch(int, int, int, int)
def Add(a, b, c, d):
return a + b + c + d
在Main.py文件
import MathMethod as MM
print(MM.Add(200, 1000, 1000, 200))
我们可以使用multipledispatch重载该方法。
这是方法重载,而不是方法重写。在Python中,你可以在一个函数中完成所有工作:
class A:
def stackoverflow(self, i='some_default_value'):
print('only method')
ob=A()
ob.stackoverflow(2)
ob.stackoverflow()
请参阅Python教程的默认实参值部分。请参阅“Least surprise”和可变默认参数,以了解需要避免的常见错误。
有关Python 3.4中添加的单个分派泛型函数的信息,请参阅PEP 443:
>>> from functools import singledispatch
>>> @singledispatch
... def fun(arg, verbose=False):
... if verbose:
... print("Let me just say,", end=" ")
... print(arg)
>>> @fun.register(int)
... def _(arg, verbose=False):
... if verbose:
... print("Strength in numbers, eh?", end=" ")
... print(arg)
...
>>> @fun.register(list)
... def _(arg, verbose=False):
... if verbose:
... print("Enumerate this:")
... for i, elem in enumerate(arg):
... print(i, elem)
Python在PEP-3124中添加了@overload装饰器,为通过类型检查进行重载提供语法糖——而不仅仅是使用重写。
关于通过PEP-3124中的@overload重载的代码示例
from overloading import overload
from collections import Iterable
def flatten(ob):
"""Flatten an object to its component iterables"""
yield ob
@overload
def flatten(ob: Iterable):
for o in ob:
for ob in flatten(o):
yield ob
@overload
def flatten(ob: basestring):
yield ob
由@overload-decorator转换为:
def flatten(ob):
if isinstance(ob, basestring) or not isinstance(ob, Iterable):
yield ob
else:
for o in ob:
for ob in flatten(o):
yield ob
Python不像Java或c++那样支持方法重载。我们可以重载方法,但只能使用最新定义的方法。
# First sum method.
# Takes two argument and print their sum
def sum(a, b):
s = a + b
print(s)
# Second sum method
# Takes three argument and print their sum
def sum(a, b, c):
s = a + b + c
print(s)
# Uncommenting the below line shows an error
# sum(4, 5)
# This line will call the second sum method
sum(4, 5, 5)
我们需要提供可选参数或*args,以便在调用时提供不同数量的参数。
方法重载