它通常实现为下限(值+ 0.5)。

编辑:它可能不叫四舍五入，因为我知道至少有三种四舍五入算法:四舍五入到零，四舍五入到最接近的整数，以及银行家的四舍五入。你要求的是最接近的整数。

我是这样做的:

#include <cmath.h>

using namespace std;

double roundh(double number, int place){

    /* place = decimal point. Putting in 0 will make it round to whole
                              number. putting in 1 will round to the
                              tenths digit.
    */

    number *= 10^place;
    int istack = (int)floor(number);
    int out = number-istack;
    if (out < 0.5){
        floor(number);
        number /= 10^place;
        return number;
    }
    if (out > 0.4) {
        ceil(number);
        number /= 10^place;
        return number;
    }
}

你可以四舍五入到n位精度:

double round( double x )
{
const double sd = 1000; //for accuracy to 3 decimal places
return int(x*sd + (x<0? -0.5 : 0.5))/sd;
}

正如在评论和其他回答中指出的那样，ISO c++标准库直到ISO c++ 11才添加round()，当时该函数是通过引用ISO C99标准数学库而引入的。

For positive operands in [½, ub] round(x) == floor (x + 0.5), where ub is 223 for float when mapped to IEEE-754 (2008) binary32, and 252 for double when it is mapped to IEEE-754 (2008) binary64. The numbers 23 and 52 correspond to the number of stored mantissa bits in these two floating-point formats. For positive operands in [+0, ½) round(x) == 0, and for positive operands in (ub, +∞] round(x) == x. As the function is symmetric about the x-axis, negative arguments x can be handled according to round(-x) == -round(x).

这导致了下面的压缩代码。它在各种平台上编译成合理数量的机器指令。我观察到gpu上最紧凑的代码，其中my_roundf()需要大约12条指令。根据处理器架构和工具链的不同，这种基于浮点的方法可能比在不同答案中引用的newlib基于整数的实现更快或更慢。

我使用Intel编译器版本13对my_roundf()与newlib roundf()实现进行了详尽的测试，同时使用/fp:strict和/fp:fast。我还检查了newlib版本是否与Intel编译器mathimf库中的roundf()匹配。对于双精度round()不可能进行详尽的测试，但是代码在结构上与单精度实现相同。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>

float my_roundf (float x)
{
    const float half = 0.5f;
    const float one = 2 * half;
    const float lbound = half;
    const float ubound = 1L << 23;
    float a, f, r, s, t;
    s = (x < 0) ? (-one) : one;
    a = x * s;
    t = (a < lbound) ? x : s;
    f = (a < lbound) ? 0 : floorf (a + half);
    r = (a > ubound) ? x : (t * f);
    return r;
}

double my_round (double x)
{
    const double half = 0.5;
    const double one = 2 * half;
    const double lbound = half;
    const double ubound = 1ULL << 52;
    double a, f, r, s, t;
    s = (x < 0) ? (-one) : one;
    a = x * s;
    t = (a < lbound) ? x : s;
    f = (a < lbound) ? 0 : floor (a + half);
    r = (a > ubound) ? x : (t * f);
    return r;
}

uint32_t float_as_uint (float a)
{
    uint32_t r;
    memcpy (&r, &a, sizeof(r));
    return r;
}

float uint_as_float (uint32_t a)
{
    float r;
    memcpy (&r, &a, sizeof(r));
    return r;
}

float newlib_roundf (float x)
{
    uint32_t w;
    int exponent_less_127;

    w = float_as_uint(x);
    /* Extract exponent field. */
    exponent_less_127 = (int)((w & 0x7f800000) >> 23) - 127;
    if (exponent_less_127 < 23) {
        if (exponent_less_127 < 0) {
            /* Extract sign bit. */
            w &= 0x80000000;
            if (exponent_less_127 == -1) {
                /* Result is +1.0 or -1.0. */
                w |= ((uint32_t)127 << 23);
            }
        } else {
            uint32_t exponent_mask = 0x007fffff >> exponent_less_127;
            if ((w & exponent_mask) == 0) {
                /* x has an integral value. */
                return x;
            }
            w += 0x00400000 >> exponent_less_127;
            w &= ~exponent_mask;
        }
    } else {
        if (exponent_less_127 == 128) {
            /* x is NaN or infinite so raise FE_INVALID by adding */
            return x + x;
        } else {
            return x;
        }
    }
    x = uint_as_float (w);
    return x;
}

int main (void)
{
    uint32_t argi, resi, refi;
    float arg, res, ref;

    argi = 0;
    do {
        arg = uint_as_float (argi);
        ref = newlib_roundf (arg);
        res = my_roundf (arg);
        resi = float_as_uint (res);
        refi = float_as_uint (ref);
        if (resi != refi) { // check for identical bit pattern
            printf ("!!!! arg=%08x  res=%08x  ref=%08x\n", argi, resi, refi);
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        argi++;
    } while (argi);
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

它在cmath中从c++ 11开始提供(根据http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2012/n3337.pdf)

#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  std::cout << "round(0.5):\t" << round(0.5) << std::endl;
  std::cout << "round(-0.5):\t" << round(-0.5) << std::endl;
  std::cout << "round(1.4):\t" << round(1.4) << std::endl;
  std::cout << "round(-1.4):\t" << round(-1.4) << std::endl;
  std::cout << "round(1.6):\t" << round(1.6) << std::endl;
  std::cout << "round(-1.6):\t" << round(-1.6) << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

输出:

round(0.5):  1
round(-0.5): -1
round(1.4):  1
round(-1.4): -1
round(1.6):  2
round(-1.6): -2

我在asm的x86架构和MS VS特定的c++中使用round的以下实现:

__forceinline int Round(const double v)
{
    int r;
    __asm
    {
        FLD     v
        FISTP   r
        FWAIT
    };
    return r;
}

UPD:返回双值

__forceinline double dround(const double v)
{
    double r;
    __asm
    {
        FLD     v
        FRNDINT
        FSTP    r
        FWAIT
    };
    return r;
}

输出:

dround(0.1): 0.000000000000000
dround(-0.1): -0.000000000000000
dround(0.9): 1.000000000000000
dround(-0.9): -1.000000000000000
dround(1.1): 1.000000000000000
dround(-1.1): -1.000000000000000
dround(0.49999999999999994): 0.000000000000000
dround(-0.49999999999999994): -0.000000000000000
dround(0.5): 0.000000000000000
dround(-0.5): -0.000000000000000