错误和异常#处理异常- docs.python.org

The try ... except statement has an optional else clause, which, when present, must follow all except clauses. It is useful for code that must be executed if the try clause does not raise an exception. For example: for arg in sys.argv[1:]: try: f = open(arg, 'r') except IOError: print 'cannot open', arg else: print arg, 'has', len(f.readlines()), 'lines' f.close() The use of the else clause is better than adding additional code to the try clause because it avoids accidentally catching an exception that wasn’t raised by the code being protected by the try ... except statement.

try:
    statements # statements that can raise exceptions
except:
    statements # statements that will be executed to handle exceptions
else:
    statements # statements that will be executed if there is no exception

例子:

try:
    age=int(input('Enter your age: '))
except:
    print ('You have entered an invalid value.')
else:
    if age <= 21:
        print('You are not allowed to enter, you are too young.')
    else:
        print('Welcome, you are old enough.')

输出:

>>> 
Enter your age: a
You have entered an invalid value.
>>> RESTART
>>> 
Enter your age: 25
Welcome, you are old enough.
>>> RESTART
>>> 
Enter your age: 13
You are not allowed to enter, you are too young.
>>> 

复制自:https://geek-university.com/python/the-try-except-else-statements/

如果执行落在try的底部(如果没有异常)，else块中的语句将被执行。说实话，我从来没有找到过需要。

然而，处理异常注意到:

使用else子句更好 而不是向try中添加额外的代码 因为它避免意外 捕获非异常 由被保护的代码引发 尝试…除了声明。

因此，如果你有一个方法，例如，抛出一个IOError，你想捕捉它引发的异常，但如果第一个操作成功，你还想做其他事情，而你不想从那个操作中捕获IOError，你可能会写这样的东西:

try:
    operation_that_can_throw_ioerror()
except IOError:
    handle_the_exception_somehow()
else:
    # we don't want to catch the IOError if it's raised
    another_operation_that_can_throw_ioerror()
finally:
    something_we_always_need_to_do()

如果您只是在operation_that_can_throw_ioerror()后面加上另一个other_operation_that_can_throw_ioerror()， except将捕获第二次调用的错误。如果你把它放在整个try块之后，它会一直运行，直到finally之后。else可以让你确定

第二次操作只有在没有例外的情况下才会进行， 它在最后一个块之前运行，并且 它引发的任何ioerror都不会在这里被捕获

else块通常可以用来补充出现在每个except块中的功能。

try:
    test_consistency(valuable_data)
except Except1:
    inconsistency_type = 1
except Except2:
    inconsistency_type = 2
except:
    # Something else is wrong
    raise
else:
    inconsistency_type = 0

"""
Process each individual inconsistency down here instead of
inside the except blocks. Use 0 to mean no inconsistency.
"""

在这种情况下，在每个except块中设置inconsistency_type，以便在无错误情况下在else中补充行为。

当然，我将此描述为某一天可能会出现在您自己的代码中的模式。在这个特定的情况下，您只要在try块之前将inconsistency_type设置为0即可。

else:块令人困惑并且(几乎)毫无用处。它也是for和while语句的一部分。

实际上，即使在if语句中，else:也可能被滥用，造成非常难以发现的错误。

考虑这一点。

   if a < 10:
       # condition stated explicitly
   elif a > 10 and b < 10:
       # condition confusing but at least explicit
   else:
       # Exactly what is true here?
       # Can be hard to reason out what condition is true

三思而后行。这通常是个问题。除非在if语句中，否则避免使用它，即使在if语句中，也要考虑记录else-条件，使其显式。

下面是我喜欢使用这种模式的另一个地方:

 while data in items:
     try
        data = json.loads(data)
     except ValueError as e:
        log error
     else:
        # work on the `data`