用Java创建和写入(文本)文件的最简单方法是什么?


当前回答

您甚至可以使用系统属性创建临时文件,该属性与您使用的操作系统无关。

File file = new File(System.*getProperty*("java.io.tmpdir") +
                     System.*getProperty*("file.separator") +
                     "YourFileName.txt");

其他回答

创建示例文件:

try {
    File file = new File ("c:/new-file.txt");
    if(file.createNewFile()) {
        System.out.println("Successful created!");
    }
    else {
        System.out.println("Failed to create!");
    }
}
catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

使用输入和输出流读取和写入文件:

//Coded By Anurag Goel
//Reading And Writing Files
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;


public class WriteAFile {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        try {
            byte array [] = {'1','a','2','b','5'};
            OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("test.txt");
            for(int x=0; x < array.length ; x++) {
                os.write( array[x] ); // Writes the bytes
            }
            os.close();

            InputStream is = new FileInputStream("test.txt");
            int size = is.available();

            for(int i=0; i< size; i++) {
                System.out.print((char)is.read() + " ");
            }
            is.close();
        } catch(IOException e) {
            System.out.print("Exception");
        }
    }
}

如果我们使用的是Java7及以上版本,并且还知道要添加(附加)到文件中的内容,我们可以使用NIO包中的newBufferedWriter方法。

public static void main(String[] args) {
    Path FILE_PATH = Paths.get("C:/temp", "temp.txt");
    String text = "\n Welcome to Java 8";

    //Writing to the file temp.txt
    try (BufferedWriter writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(FILE_PATH, StandardCharsets.UTF_8, StandardOpenOption.APPEND)) {
        writer.write(text);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

有几点需要注意:

指定字符集编码总是一个好习惯,因此我们在类StandardCharset中有常量。代码使用try with resource语句,其中资源在try之后自动关闭。

虽然OP没有询问,但为了以防万一我们想搜索具有特定关键字的行,例如机密,我们可以使用Java中的流API:

//Reading from the file the first line which contains word "confidential"
try {
    Stream<String> lines = Files.lines(FILE_PATH);
    Optional<String> containsJava = lines.filter(l->l.contains("confidential")).findFirst();
    if(containsJava.isPresent()){
        System.out.println(containsJava.get());
    }
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

要创建文件而不覆盖现有文件,请执行以下操作:

System.out.println("Choose folder to create file");
JFileChooser c = new JFileChooser();
c.setFileSelectionMode(JFileChooser.DIRECTORIES_ONLY);
c.showOpenDialog(c);
c.getSelectedFile();
f = c.getSelectedFile(); // File f - global variable
String newfile = f + "\\hi.doc";//.txt or .doc or .html
File file = new File(newfile);

try {
    //System.out.println(f);
    boolean flag = file.createNewFile();

    if(flag == true) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(rootPane, "File created successfully");
    }
    else {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(rootPane, "File already exists");
    }
    /* Or use exists() function as follows:
        if(file.exists() == true) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(rootPane, "File already exists");
        }
        else {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(rootPane, "File created successfully");
        }
    */
}
catch(Exception e) {
    // Any exception handling method of your choice
}

如果出于某种原因想要将创建和编写行为分开,那么Java中的touch等价物是

try {
   //create a file named "testfile.txt" in the current working directory
   File myFile = new File("testfile.txt");
   if ( myFile.createNewFile() ) {
      System.out.println("Success!");
   } else {
      System.out.println("Failure!");
   }
} catch ( IOException ioe ) { ioe.printStackTrace(); }

createNewFile()执行存在性检查,并自动创建文件。例如,如果您希望在写入文件之前确保自己是文件的创建者,这可能很有用。