在运行时导入包模块（Python配方）

http://code.activestate.com/recipes/223972/

###################
##                #
## classloader.py #
##                #
###################

import sys, types

def _get_mod(modulePath):
    try:
        aMod = sys.modules[modulePath]
        if not isinstance(aMod, types.ModuleType):
            raise KeyError
    except KeyError:
        # The last [''] is very important!
        aMod = __import__(modulePath, globals(), locals(), [''])
        sys.modules[modulePath] = aMod
    return aMod

def _get_func(fullFuncName):
    """Retrieve a function object from a full dotted-package name."""

    # Parse out the path, module, and function
    lastDot = fullFuncName.rfind(u".")
    funcName = fullFuncName[lastDot + 1:]
    modPath = fullFuncName[:lastDot]

    aMod = _get_mod(modPath)
    aFunc = getattr(aMod, funcName)

    # Assert that the function is a *callable* attribute.
    assert callable(aFunc), u"%s is not callable." % fullFuncName

    # Return a reference to the function itself,
    # not the results of the function.
    return aFunc

def _get_class(fullClassName, parentClass=None):
    """Load a module and retrieve a class (NOT an instance).

    If the parentClass is supplied, className must be of parentClass
    or a subclass of parentClass (or None is returned).
    """
    aClass = _get_func(fullClassName)

    # Assert that the class is a subclass of parentClass.
    if parentClass is not None:
        if not issubclass(aClass, parentClass):
            raise TypeError(u"%s is not a subclass of %s" %
                            (fullClassName, parentClass))

    # Return a reference to the class itself, not an instantiated object.
    return aClass


######################
##       Usage      ##
######################

class StorageManager: pass
class StorageManagerMySQL(StorageManager): pass

def storage_object(aFullClassName, allOptions={}):
    aStoreClass = _get_class(aFullClassName, StorageManager)
    return aStoreClass(allOptions)

Python 3.4的这一部分看起来非常曲折，难以理解！然而，作为一个开始，我使用Chris Calloway的代码进行了一点黑客攻击，我终于找到了一些有用的东西。这是基本功能。

def import_module_from_file(full_path_to_module):
    """
    Import a module given the full path/filename of the .py file

    Python 3.4

    """

    module = None

    try:

        # Get module name and path from full path
        module_dir, module_file = os.path.split(full_path_to_module)
        module_name, module_ext = os.path.splitext(module_file)

        # Get module "spec" from filename
        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name,full_path_to_module)

        module = spec.loader.load_module()

    except Exception as ec:
        # Simple error printing
        # Insert "sophisticated" stuff here
        print(ec)

    finally:
        return module

这似乎使用了Python 3.4中未弃用的模块。我不想假装理解为什么，但它似乎在一个程序中起作用。我发现Chris的解决方案在命令行上有效，但在程序内部无效。

有一个包专门针对这一点：

from thesmuggler import smuggle

# À la `import weapons`
weapons = smuggle('weapons.py')

# À la `from contraband import drugs, alcohol`
drugs, alcohol = smuggle('drugs', 'alcohol', source='contraband.py')

# À la `from contraband import drugs as dope, alcohol as booze`
dope, booze = smuggle('drugs', 'alcohol', source='contraband.py')

它在Python版本（Jython和PyPy也是）中进行了测试，但根据项目的大小，它可能会被过度使用。

这里有一种加载文件的方法，类似于C等。

from importlib.machinery import SourceFileLoader
import os

def LOAD(MODULE_PATH):
    if (MODULE_PATH[0] == "/"):
        FULL_PATH = MODULE_PATH;
    else:
        DIR_PATH = os.path.dirname (os.path.realpath (__file__))
        FULL_PATH = os.path.normpath (DIR_PATH + "/" + MODULE_PATH)

    return SourceFileLoader (FULL_PATH, FULL_PATH).load_module ()

在以下情况下实施：

Y = LOAD("../Z.py")
A = LOAD("./A.py")
D = LOAD("./C/D.py")
A_ = LOAD("/IMPORTS/A.py")

Y.DEF();
A.DEF();
D.DEF();
A_.DEF();

其中每个文件如下所示：

def DEF():
    print("A");

这应该行得通

path = os.path.join('./path/to/folder/with/py/files', '*.py')
for infile in glob.glob(path):
    basename = os.path.basename(infile)
    basename_without_extension = basename[:-3]

    # http://docs.python.org/library/imp.html?highlight=imp#module-imp
    imp.load_source(basename_without_extension, infile)

听起来您不想专门导入配置文件（这会带来很多副作用和额外的复杂性）。您只需要运行它，并能够访问生成的命名空间。标准库以runpy.run_path的形式专门提供了一个API：

from runpy import run_path
settings = run_path("/path/to/file.py")

该接口在Python 2.7和Python 3.2+中可用。