将堆栈跟踪打印到字符串

import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;

public class StackTraceUtils {
    public static String stackTraceToString(StackTraceElement[] stackTrace) {
        StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
        printStackTrace(stackTrace, new PrintWriter(sw));
        return sw.toString();
    }
    public static void printStackTrace(StackTraceElement[] stackTrace, PrintWriter pw) {
        for(StackTraceElement stackTraceEl : stackTrace) {
            pw.println(stackTraceEl);
        }
    }
}

当您想要打印当前线程堆栈跟踪而不创建Throwable实例时，这非常有用，但请注意，创建新的Throwable并从中获取堆栈跟踪实际上比调用thread.getStackTrace更快、更便宜。

没有java.io.*，它可以这样做。

String trace = e.toString() + "\n";                     

for (StackTraceElement e1 : e.getStackTrace()) {
    trace += "\t at " + e1.toString() + "\n";
}   

然后跟踪变量保存堆栈跟踪。输出也包含初始原因，输出与printStackTrace（）相同

例如，printStackTrace（）产生：

java.io.FileNotFoundException: / (Is a directory)
    at java.io.FileOutputStream.open0(Native Method)
    at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(FileOutputStream.java:270)
    at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:213)
    at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:101)
    at Test.main(Test.java:9)

当打印到stdout时，跟踪字符串保持

java.io.FileNotFoundException: / (Is a directory)
     at java.io.FileOutputStream.open0(Native Method)
     at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(FileOutputStream.java:270)
     at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:213)
     at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:101)
     at Test.main(Test.java:9)

private String getCurrentStackTraceString() {
    StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
    return Arrays.stream(stackTrace).map(StackTraceElement::toString)
            .collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
}

我不久前写了一些方法，所以我想为什么不花我的两分钱。

/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
 * @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceElementsToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements) {
    return stackTraceElementsToStr(stackTraceElements, "\n");
}

/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
 * @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
 * @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceElementsToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements, String lineSeparator) {
    return stackTraceElementsToStr(stackTraceElements, lineSeparator, "");
}

/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
 * @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
 * @param padding The string to be used at the start of each line
 * @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceElementsToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements, String lineSeparator, String padding) {
    String str = "";
    if(stackTraceElements != null) {
        for(StackTraceElement stackTrace : stackTraceElements) {
            str += padding + (!stackTrace.toString().startsWith("Caused By") ? "\tat " : "") + stackTrace.toString() + lineSeparator;
        }
    }
    return str;
}

/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
 * @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements) {
    return stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(stackTraceElements, "\n");
}

/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
 * @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
 * @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements, String lineSeparator) {
    return stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(stackTraceElements, lineSeparator, "");
}

/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
 * @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
 * @param padding The string to be used at the start of each line
 * @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements, String lineSeparator, String padding) {
    String str = "";
    if(stackTraceElements != null) {
        for(StackTraceElement stackTrace : stackTraceElements) {
            str += (!stackTrace.toString().startsWith("Caused By") ? "" : padding + stackTrace.toString() + lineSeparator);
        }
    }
    return str;
}

/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
 * @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStrNoStackTraces(Throwable e) {
    return throwableToStrNoStackTraces(e, "\n");
}

/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
 * @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
 * @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStrNoStackTraces(Throwable e, String lineSeparator) {
    return throwableToStrNoStackTraces(e, lineSeparator, "");
}

/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
 * @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
 * @param padding The string to be used at the start of each line
 * @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStrNoStackTraces(Throwable e, String lineSeparator, String padding) {
    if(e == null) {
        return "null";
    }
    String str = e.getClass().getName() + ": ";
    if((e.getMessage() != null) && !e.getMessage().isEmpty()) {
        str += e.getMessage() + lineSeparator;
    } else {
        str += lineSeparator;
    }
    str += padding + stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(e.getStackTrace(), lineSeparator, padding);
    for(Throwable suppressed : e.getSuppressed()) {
        str += padding + throwableToStrNoStackTraces(suppressed, lineSeparator, padding + "\t");
    }
    Throwable cause = e.getCause();
    while(cause != null) {
        str += padding + "Caused by:" + lineSeparator + throwableToStrNoStackTraces(e.getCause(), lineSeparator, padding);
        cause = cause.getCause();
    }
    return str;
}

/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
 * @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStr(Throwable e) {
    return throwableToStr(e, "\n");
}

/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
 * @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
 * @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStr(Throwable e, String lineSeparator) {
    return throwableToStr(e, lineSeparator, "");
}

/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
 * @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
 * @param padding The string to be used at the start of each line
 * @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStr(Throwable e, String lineSeparator, String padding) {
    if(e == null) {
        return "null";
    }
    String str = padding + e.getClass().getName() + ": ";
    if((e.getMessage() != null) && !e.getMessage().isEmpty()) {
        str += e.getMessage() + lineSeparator;
    } else {
        str += lineSeparator;
    }
    str += padding + stackTraceElementsToStr(e.getStackTrace(), lineSeparator, padding);
    for(Throwable suppressed : e.getSuppressed()) {
        str += padding + "Suppressed: " + throwableToStr(suppressed, lineSeparator, padding + "\t");
    }
    Throwable cause = e.getCause();
    while(cause != null) {
        str += padding + "Caused by:" + lineSeparator + throwableToStr(e.getCause(), lineSeparator, padding);
        cause = cause.getCause();
    }
    return str;
}

例子：

try(InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file)) {
    ...
} catch(IOException e) {
    String exceptionToString = throwableToStr(e);
    someLoggingUtility.println(exceptionToString);
    ...
}

打印：

java.io.FileNotFoundException: C:\test.txt (The system cannot find the file specified)
    at java.io.FileInputStream.open0(Native Method)
    at java.io.FileInputStream.open(Unknown Source)
    at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at com.gmail.br45entei.Example.main(Example.java:32)

Kotlin>=1.4

在Throwable上使用内置函数stackTraceToString（）。

Kotlin<1.4

扩展Throwable类将提供String属性error.stackTraceString：

val Throwable.stackTraceString: String
  get() {
    val sw = StringWriter()
    val pw = PrintWriter(sw)
    this.printStackTrace(pw)
    return sw.toString()
  }

对我来说，最干净、最简单的方法是：

import java.util.Arrays;
Arrays.toString(e.getStackTrace());