我觉得我的商店有一个漏洞，因为我们没有一个可靠的过程来控制数据库模式更改的版本。我们做了很多备份，所以我们或多或少地得到了保护，但以这种方式依赖于最后一道防线是一种糟糕的做法。
令人惊讶的是，这似乎是一个共同的主线。与我交谈过的许多商店都忽略了这个问题，因为他们的数据库不会经常更改，他们基本上只是尽量做到一丝不苟。
不过，我知道这个故事是怎么发展的。这只是时间问题，迟早会出问题，会有东西丢失。
在这方面有什么最佳实践吗?你有哪些行之有效的策略?
当前回答
我总是检查我的数据库结构转储到源代码控制。全数据库转储，但我通常只是压缩和存储。
其他回答
仅供参考，几天前Dana也提出了这个问题…源代码控制中的存储过程/DB模式
我使用SQL CREATE脚本从MySQL workbench导出，然后使用他们的“导出SQL ALTER”功能，我最终得到了一系列创建脚本(当然编号)和ALTER脚本，可以应用它们之间的更改。
3.- Export SQL ALTER script Normally you would have to write the ALTER TABLE statements by hand now, reflecting your changes you made to the model. But you can be smart and let Workbench do the hard work for you. Simply select File -> Export -> Forward Engineer SQL ALTER Script… from the main menu. This will prompt you to specify the SQL CREATE file the current model should be compared to. Select the SQL CREATE script from step 1. The tool will then generate the ALTER TABLE script for you and you can execute this script against your database to bring it up to date. You can do this using the MySQL Query Browser or the mysql client.Voila! Your model and database have now been synchronized!
来源:MySQL Workbench Community Edition: Schema同步指南
当然，所有这些脚本都在版本控制下。
Your project team can have a DBA to whom every developer would forward their create alter, delete, insert/update (for master data) sql statements. DBAs would run those queries and on successfully making the required update would add those statements to a text file or a spreadsheet. Each addition can be labeled as a savepoint. Incase you revert back to a particular savepoint, just do a drop all and run the queries uptil the labelled savepoint. This approach is just a thought... a bit of fine tuning here would work for your development environment.
必须阅读将数据库置于版本控制之下。查看K. Scott Allen的系列帖子。
When it comes to version control, the database is often a second or even third-class citizen. From what I've seen, teams that would never think of writing code without version control in a million years-- and rightly so-- can somehow be completely oblivious to the need for version control around the critical databases their applications rely on. I don't know how you can call yourself a software engineer and maintain a straight face when your database isn't under exactly the same rigorous level of source control as the rest of your code. Don't let this happen to you. Get your database under version control.
我非常喜欢Rails ActiveRecord迁移。它将DML抽象为ruby脚本，然后可以在源存储库中轻松地进行版本化。
然而，通过一些工作，您可以做到同样的事情。任何DDL更改(ALTER TABLE等)都可以存储在文本文件中。为文件名保留编号系统(或日期戳)，并按顺序应用它们。
Rails在DB中还有一个'version'表，用于跟踪上一次应用的迁移。你可以很容易地做到这一点。
