如何找到本地IP地址(即192.168.x。x或10.0.x.x)在Python平台独立,只使用标准库?
当前回答
你可以使用netifaces模块。类型:
pip install netifaces
在你的命令shell中,它会在默认的Python安装中安装自己。
然后你可以这样使用它:
from netifaces import interfaces, ifaddresses, AF_INET
for ifaceName in interfaces():
addresses = [i['addr'] for i in ifaddresses(ifaceName).setdefault(AF_INET, [{'addr':'No IP addr'}] )]
print '%s: %s' % (ifaceName, ', '.join(addresses))
在我的电脑上,它打印出:
{45639BDC-1050-46E0-9BE9-075C30DE1FBC}: 192.168.0.100 {D43A468B-F3AE-4BF9-9391-4863A4500583}: 10.5.9.207
这个模块的作者声称它应该在Windows、UNIX和Mac OS X上工作。
其他回答
我使用以下模块:
#!/usr/bin/python
# module for getting the lan ip address of the computer
import os
import socket
if os.name != "nt":
import fcntl
import struct
def get_interface_ip(ifname):
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
s.fileno(),
0x8915, # SIOCGIFADDR
struct.pack('256s', bytes(ifname[:15], 'utf-8'))
# Python 2.7: remove the second argument for the bytes call
)[20:24])
def get_lan_ip():
ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
if ip.startswith("127.") and os.name != "nt":
interfaces = ["eth0","eth1","eth2","wlan0","wlan1","wifi0","ath0","ath1","ppp0"]
for ifname in interfaces:
try:
ip = get_interface_ip(ifname)
break;
except IOError:
pass
return ip
测试与windows和linux(和不需要额外的模块为那些) 用于在一个基于IPv4的局域网中的系统。
固定的接口名称列表不适用于最近的linux版本,这些版本已经采用了systemd v197关于可预测接口名称的更改,正如Alexander指出的那样。 在这种情况下,您需要手动使用系统上的接口名称替换该列表,或者使用其他解决方案,如netifaces。
这不是很Pythonic,但它在Windows上可靠地工作。
def getWinIP(version = 'IPv4'):
import subprocess
if version not in ['IPv4', 'IPv6']:
print 'error - protocol version must be "IPv4" or "IPv6"'
return None
ipconfig = subprocess.check_output('ipconfig')
my_ip = []
for line in ipconfig.split('\n'):
if 'Address' in line and version in line:
my_ip.append(line.split(' : ')[1].strip())
return my_ip
print getWinIP()
是的,这是一种黑客行为,但有时我不想事后怀疑操作系统,直接使用内置的和有效的操作系统就行了。
在拥有iproute2实用程序的现代*NIX系统上,您可以通过subprocess.run()调用它,因为您可以使用-j开关在JSON中输出,然后使用JSON .loads()模块和方法将其转换为python数据结构。下面的代码显示第一个非环回IP地址。
import subprocess
import json
ip = json.loads(subprocess.run('ip -j a'.split(),capture_output=True).stdout.decode())[1]['addr_info'][0]['local']
print(ip)
或者,如果你有多个IP,并且想要找到连接到特定目的地的IP,你可以使用IP -j route get 8.8.8.8,如下所示:
import subprocess
import json
ip = json.loads(subprocess.run('ip -j route get 8.8.8.8'.split(),capture_output=True).stdout.decode())[0]['prefsrc']
print(ip)
如果你在寻找所有的IP地址,你可以遍历IP -j a返回的字典列表
import subprocess
import json
list_of_dicts = json.loads(subprocess.run('ip -j a'.split(),capture_output=True).stdout.decode())
for interface in list_of_dicts:
try:print(f"Interface: {interface['ifname']:10} IP: {interface['addr_info'][0]['local']}")
except:pass
Socket API方法
参见https://stackoverflow.com/a/28950776/711085
缺点:
Not cross-platform. Requires more fallback code, tied to existence of particular addresses on the internet This will also not work if you're behind a NAT Probably creates a UDP connection, not independent of (usually ISP's) DNS availability (see other answers for ideas like using 8.8.8.8: Google's (coincidentally also DNS) server) Make sure you make the destination address UNREACHABLE, like a numeric IP address that is spec-guaranteed to be unused. Do NOT use some domain like fakesubdomain.google.com or somefakewebsite.com; you'll still be spamming that party (now or in the future), and spamming your own network boxes as well in the process.
反射器方法
(请注意,这并没有回答OP的本地IP地址问题,例如192.168…;它会给你你的公共IP地址,根据用例,这可能更可取。)
你可以查询一些网站,如whatismyip.com(但有一个API),例如:
from urllib.request import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
# data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'
return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)
或者如果使用python2:
from urllib import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
# data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'
return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)
优点:
这种方法的一个优点是它是跨平台的 它从丑陋的nat(例如你的家用路由器)后面工作。
缺点(和变通方法):
要求网站正常运行,格式不变(几乎肯定不会),DNS服务器正常工作。在失败的情况下,还可以通过查询其他第三方IP地址反射器来缓解这个问题。 如果您不查询多个反射器(以防止一个受损害的反射器告诉您您的地址不是某个东西),或者如果您不使用HTTPS(以防止假装是服务器的中间人攻击),则可能的攻击向量
edit: Though initially I thought these methods were really bad (unless you use many fallbacks, the code may be irrelevant many years from now), it does pose the question "what is the internet?". A computer may have many interfaces pointing to many different networks. For a more thorough description of the topic, google for gateways and routes. A computer may be able to access an internal network via an internal gateway, or access the world-wide web via a gateway on for example a router (usually the case). The local IP address that the OP asks about is only well-defined with respect to a single link layer, so you have to specify that ("is it the network card, or the ethernet cable, which we're talking about?"). There may be multiple non-unique answers to this question as posed. However the global IP address on the world-wide web is probably well-defined (in the absence of massive network fragmentation): probably the return path via the gateway which can access the TLDs.
对于linux env,读取/proc/net/tcp,第二个(localaddress)和第三个(remoteaddress)将以六进制格式给出ip。
提示:如果第二列是零(00000000:000),那么它是一个监听端口:)
https://github.com/romol0s/python/blob/master/general/functions/getTcpListenIpsByPort.py
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/proc_net_tcp.txt
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