老问题，但我想提供我自己的解决方案，这是最快的，使用普通列表而不是np。数组作为输入(或首先转移到列表)，基于我的台架测试。

如果你也遇到这种情况，请检查一下。

def count(a):
    results = {}
    for x in a:
        if x not in results:
            results[x] = 1
        else:
            results[x] += 1
    return results

例如,

>>>timeit count([1,1,1,2,2,2,5,25,1,1]) would return:

100000个循环，最好的3:2.26µs每循环

>>>timeit count(np.array([1,1,1,2,2,2,5,25,1,1]))

100000个回路，最好的3:8.8µs每回路

>>>timeit count(np.array([1,1,1,2,2,2,5,25,1,1]).tolist())

100000个回路，最佳3:5.85µs每回路

而公认的答案会更慢，而scipy.stats.itemfreq解决方案更糟糕。

更深入的测试并没有证实所制定的期望。

from zmq import Stopwatch
aZmqSTOPWATCH = Stopwatch()

aDataSETasARRAY = ( 100 * abs( np.random.randn( 150000 ) ) ).astype( np.int )
aDataSETasLIST  = aDataSETasARRAY.tolist()

import numba
@numba.jit
def numba_bincount( anObject ):
    np.bincount(    anObject )
    return

aZmqSTOPWATCH.start();np.bincount(    aDataSETasARRAY );aZmqSTOPWATCH.stop()
14328L

aZmqSTOPWATCH.start();numba_bincount( aDataSETasARRAY );aZmqSTOPWATCH.stop()
592L

aZmqSTOPWATCH.start();count(          aDataSETasLIST  );aZmqSTOPWATCH.stop()
148609L

参考下面关于影响小型数据集大量重复测试结果的缓存和其他ram内副作用的评论。

像这样的东西应该做到:

#create 100 random numbers
arr = numpy.random.random_integers(0,50,100)

#create a dictionary of the unique values
d = dict([(i,0) for i in numpy.unique(arr)])
for number in arr:
    d[j]+=1   #increment when that value is found

另外，之前的这篇关于有效计算独特元素的文章似乎与您的问题非常相似，除非我遗漏了什么。

多维频率计数，即计数数组。

>>> print(color_array    )
  array([[255, 128, 128],
   [255, 128, 128],
   [255, 128, 128],
   ...,
   [255, 128, 128],
   [255, 128, 128],
   [255, 128, 128]], dtype=uint8)


>>> np.unique(color_array,return_counts=True,axis=0)
  (array([[ 60, 151, 161],
    [ 60, 155, 162],
    [ 60, 159, 163],
    [ 61, 143, 162],
    [ 61, 147, 162],
    [ 61, 162, 163],
    [ 62, 166, 164],
    [ 63, 137, 162],
    [ 63, 169, 164],
   array([     1,      2,      2,      1,      4,      1,      1,      2,
         3,      1,      1,      1,      2,      5,      2,      2,
       898,      1,      1,  

我对此也很感兴趣，所以我做了一点性能比较(使用perfplot，我的一个爱好项目)。结果:

y = np.bincount(a)
ii = np.nonzero(y)[0]
out = np.vstack((ii, y[ii])).T

是目前为止最快的。(请注意对数缩放。)

代码生成的情节:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import perfplot
from scipy.stats import itemfreq


def bincount(a):
    y = np.bincount(a)
    ii = np.nonzero(y)[0]
    return np.vstack((ii, y[ii])).T


def unique(a):
    unique, counts = np.unique(a, return_counts=True)
    return np.asarray((unique, counts)).T


def unique_count(a):
    unique, inverse = np.unique(a, return_inverse=True)
    count = np.zeros(len(unique), dtype=int)
    np.add.at(count, inverse, 1)
    return np.vstack((unique, count)).T


def pandas_value_counts(a):
    out = pd.value_counts(pd.Series(a))
    out.sort_index(inplace=True)
    out = np.stack([out.keys().values, out.values]).T
    return out


b = perfplot.bench(
    setup=lambda n: np.random.randint(0, 1000, n),
    kernels=[bincount, unique, itemfreq, unique_count, pandas_value_counts],
    n_range=[2 ** k for k in range(26)],
    xlabel="len(a)",
)
b.save("out.png")
b.show()

这是迄今为止最通用和性能最好的解决方案;很惊讶它还没有发布。

import numpy as np

def unique_count(a):
    unique, inverse = np.unique(a, return_inverse=True)
    count = np.zeros(len(unique), np.int)
    np.add.at(count, inverse, 1)
    return np.vstack(( unique, count)).T

print unique_count(np.random.randint(-10,10,100))

与目前接受的答案不同，它适用于任何可排序的数据类型(不仅仅是正整数)，并且具有最佳性能;唯一重要的开销是np.unique所做的排序。

Most of simple problems get complicated because simple functionality like order() in R that gives a statistical result in both and descending order is missing in various python libraries. But if we devise our thinking that all such statistical ordering and parameters in python are easily found in pandas, we can can result sooner than looking in 100 different places. Also, development of R and pandas go hand-in-hand because they were created for same purpose. To solve this problem I use following code that gets me by anywhere:

unique, counts = np.unique(x, return_counts=True)
d = {'unique':unique, 'counts':count}  # pass the list to a dictionary
df = pd.DataFrame(d) #dictionary object can be easily passed to make a dataframe
df.sort_values(by = 'count', ascending=False, inplace = True)
df = df.reset_index(drop=True) #optional only if you want to use it further