比如,我有一个脚本,用这行代码调用:
./myscript -vfd ./foo/bar/someFile -o /fizz/someOtherFile
或者这个:
./myscript -v -f -d -o /fizz/someOtherFile ./foo/bar/someFile
什么是公认的解析方式,以便在每种情况下(或两者的某种组合)$v、$f和$d都将设置为true,而$outFile将等于/fiz/someOtherFile?
比如,我有一个脚本,用这行代码调用:
./myscript -vfd ./foo/bar/someFile -o /fizz/someOtherFile
或者这个:
./myscript -v -f -d -o /fizz/someOtherFile ./foo/bar/someFile
什么是公认的解析方式,以便在每种情况下(或两者的某种组合)$v、$f和$d都将设置为true,而$outFile将等于/fiz/someOtherFile?
当前回答
我写了一个脚本,可以帮助轻松解析命令行参数https://github.com/unfor19/bargs
示例
$ bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99
Name: Willy
Age: 99
Gender: male
Location: chocolate-factory
$ bash example.sh -n Meir --gender male
[ERROR] Required argument: age
Usage: bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99
--person_name | -n [Willy] What is your name?
--age | -a [Required]
--gender | -g [Required]
--location | -l [chocolate-factory] insert your location
$ bash example.sh -h
Usage: bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99
--person_name | -n [Willy] What is your name?
--age | -a [Required]
--gender | -g [Required]
--location | -l [chocolate-factory] insert your location
其他回答
假设我们创建一个名为test_args.sh的shell脚本,如下所示
#!/bin/sh
until [ $# -eq 0 ]
do
name=${1:1}; shift;
if [[ -z "$1" || $1 == -* ]] ; then eval "export $name=true"; else eval "export $name=$1"; shift; fi
done
echo "year=$year month=$month day=$day flag=$flag"
运行以下命令后:
sh test_args.sh -year 2017 -flag -month 12 -day 22
输出将是:
year=2017 month=12 day=22 flag=true
此示例显示了如何使用getopt和eval以及HEREDOC和shift来处理短参数和长参数,以及是否具有以下所需值。此外,switch/case语句简洁易懂。
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# usage function
function usage()
{
cat << HEREDOC
Usage: $progname [--num NUM] [--time TIME_STR] [--verbose] [--dry-run]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-n, --num NUM pass in a number
-t, --time TIME_STR pass in a time string
-v, --verbose increase the verbosity of the bash script
--dry-run do a dry run, dont change any files
HEREDOC
}
# initialize variables
progname=$(basename $0)
verbose=0
dryrun=0
num_str=
time_str=
# use getopt and store the output into $OPTS
# note the use of -o for the short options, --long for the long name options
# and a : for any option that takes a parameter
OPTS=$(getopt -o "hn:t:v" --long "help,num:,time:,verbose,dry-run" -n "$progname" -- "$@")
if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "Error in command line arguments." >&2 ; usage; exit 1 ; fi
eval set -- "$OPTS"
while true; do
# uncomment the next line to see how shift is working
# echo "\$1:\"$1\" \$2:\"$2\""
case "$1" in
-h | --help ) usage; exit; ;;
-n | --num ) num_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
-t | --time ) time_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
--dry-run ) dryrun=1; shift ;;
-v | --verbose ) verbose=$((verbose + 1)); shift ;;
-- ) shift; break ;;
* ) break ;;
esac
done
if (( $verbose > 0 )); then
# print out all the parameters we read in
cat <<EOM
num=$num_str
time=$time_str
verbose=$verbose
dryrun=$dryrun
EOM
fi
# The rest of your script below
以上脚本中最重要的几行是:
OPTS=$(getopt -o "hn:t:v" --long "help,num:,time:,verbose,dry-run" -n "$progname" -- "$@")
if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "Error in command line arguments." >&2 ; exit 1 ; fi
eval set -- "$OPTS"
while true; do
case "$1" in
-h | --help ) usage; exit; ;;
-n | --num ) num_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
-t | --time ) time_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
--dry-run ) dryrun=1; shift ;;
-v | --verbose ) verbose=$((verbose + 1)); shift ;;
-- ) shift; break ;;
* ) break ;;
esac
done
简短,切中要害,可读,处理几乎所有的事情(IMHO)。
希望这对某人有所帮助。
我给你一个函数parse_params,它将从命令行解析参数。
这是一个纯Bash解决方案,没有额外的实用程序。不会污染全球范围。轻松地返回简单易用的变量,您可以在这些变量上构建进一步的逻辑。params前面的破折号数量无关紧要(--all等于-all等于all=all)
下面的脚本是复制粘贴工作演示。请参见show_use函数以了解如何使用parse_param。
限制:
不支持空格分隔的参数(-d 1)参数名称将丢失破折号,因此--any参数和-anyparam等效eval$(parse_params“$@”)必须在bash函数中使用(它在全局范围内不起作用)
#!/bin/bash
# Universal Bash parameter parsing
# Parse equal sign separated params into named local variables
# Standalone named parameter value will equal its param name (--force creates variable $force=="force")
# Parses multi-valued named params into an array (--path=path1 --path=path2 creates ${path[*]} array)
# Puts un-named params as-is into ${ARGV[*]} array
# Additionally puts all named params as-is into ${ARGN[*]} array
# Additionally puts all standalone "option" params as-is into ${ARGO[*]} array
# @author Oleksii Chekulaiev
# @version v1.4.1 (Jul-27-2018)
parse_params ()
{
local existing_named
local ARGV=() # un-named params
local ARGN=() # named params
local ARGO=() # options (--params)
echo "local ARGV=(); local ARGN=(); local ARGO=();"
while [[ "$1" != "" ]]; do
# Escape asterisk to prevent bash asterisk expansion, and quotes to prevent string breakage
_escaped=${1/\*/\'\"*\"\'}
_escaped=${_escaped//\'/\\\'}
_escaped=${_escaped//\"/\\\"}
# If equals delimited named parameter
nonspace="[^[:space:]]"
if [[ "$1" =~ ^${nonspace}${nonspace}*=..* ]]; then
# Add to named parameters array
echo "ARGN+=('$_escaped');"
# key is part before first =
local _key=$(echo "$1" | cut -d = -f 1)
# Just add as non-named when key is empty or contains space
if [[ "$_key" == "" || "$_key" =~ " " ]]; then
echo "ARGV+=('$_escaped');"
shift
continue
fi
# val is everything after key and = (protect from param==value error)
local _val="${1/$_key=}"
# remove dashes from key name
_key=${_key//\-}
# skip when key is empty
# search for existing parameter name
if (echo "$existing_named" | grep "\b$_key\b" >/dev/null); then
# if name already exists then it's a multi-value named parameter
# re-declare it as an array if needed
if ! (declare -p _key 2> /dev/null | grep -q 'declare \-a'); then
echo "$_key=(\"\$$_key\");"
fi
# append new value
echo "$_key+=('$_val');"
else
# single-value named parameter
echo "local $_key='$_val';"
existing_named=" $_key"
fi
# If standalone named parameter
elif [[ "$1" =~ ^\-${nonspace}+ ]]; then
# remove dashes
local _key=${1//\-}
# Just add as non-named when key is empty or contains space
if [[ "$_key" == "" || "$_key" =~ " " ]]; then
echo "ARGV+=('$_escaped');"
shift
continue
fi
# Add to options array
echo "ARGO+=('$_escaped');"
echo "local $_key=\"$_key\";"
# non-named parameter
else
# Escape asterisk to prevent bash asterisk expansion
_escaped=${1/\*/\'\"*\"\'}
echo "ARGV+=('$_escaped');"
fi
shift
done
}
#--------------------------- DEMO OF THE USAGE -------------------------------
show_use ()
{
eval $(parse_params "$@")
# --
echo "${ARGV[0]}" # print first unnamed param
echo "${ARGV[1]}" # print second unnamed param
echo "${ARGN[0]}" # print first named param
echo "${ARG0[0]}" # print first option param (--force)
echo "$anyparam" # print --anyparam value
echo "$k" # print k=5 value
echo "${multivalue[0]}" # print first value of multi-value
echo "${multivalue[1]}" # print second value of multi-value
[[ "$force" == "force" ]] && echo "\$force is set so let the force be with you"
}
show_use "param 1" --anyparam="my value" param2 k=5 --force --multi-value=test1 --multi-value=test2
# As long as there is at least one more argument, keep looping
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
key="$1"
case "$key" in
# This is a flag type option. Will catch either -f or --foo
-f|--foo)
FOO=1
;;
# Also a flag type option. Will catch either -b or --bar
-b|--bar)
BAR=1
;;
# This is an arg value type option. Will catch -o value or --output-file value
-o|--output-file)
shift # past the key and to the value
OUTPUTFILE="$1"
;;
# This is an arg=value type option. Will catch -o=value or --output-file=value
-o=*|--output-file=*)
# No need to shift here since the value is part of the same string
OUTPUTFILE="${key#*=}"
;;
*)
# Do whatever you want with extra options
echo "Unknown option '$key'"
;;
esac
# Shift after checking all the cases to get the next option
shift
done
这使您既可以使用空格分隔的选项/值,也可以使用相等的定义值。
因此,您可以使用以下命令运行脚本:
./myscript --foo -b -o /fizz/file.txt
以及:
./myscript -f --bar -o=/fizz/file.txt
并且两者应该具有相同的最终结果。
赞成的意见:
允许-arg=value和-arg-value适用于bash中可以使用的任何arg名称意思是-a或-arg或--arg或-ar-g或其他纯粹的狂欢。无需学习/使用getopt或getopts
欺骗:
无法组合参数意思是没有-abc。您必须执行-a-b-c
getopt()/getopts()是一个很好的选项。从此处复制:
“getopt”的简单用法如下小脚本所示:
#!/bin/bash
echo "Before getopt"
for i
do
echo $i
done
args=`getopt abc:d $*`
set -- $args
echo "After getopt"
for i
do
echo "-->$i"
done
我们所说的是,-b、 -c或-d将被允许,但-c后面跟着一个参数(“c:”表示)。如果我们称之为“g”并尝试:
bash-2.05a$ ./g -abc foo
Before getopt
-abc
foo
After getopt
-->-a
-->-b
-->-c
-->foo
-->--
我们从两个参数开始“getopt”将选项和每个人都有自己的论点。它也是添加了“--”。