比如,我有一个脚本,用这行代码调用:

./myscript -vfd ./foo/bar/someFile -o /fizz/someOtherFile

或者这个:

./myscript -v -f -d -o /fizz/someOtherFile ./foo/bar/someFile 

什么是公认的解析方式,以便在每种情况下(或两者的某种组合)$v、$f和$d都将设置为true,而$outFile将等于/fiz/someOtherFile?


当前回答

我写了一个脚本,可以帮助轻松解析命令行参数https://github.com/unfor19/bargs

示例

$ bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99
Name:      Willy
Age:       99
Gender:    male
Location:  chocolate-factory
$ bash example.sh -n Meir --gender male
[ERROR] Required argument: age

Usage: bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99

--person_name  |  -n  [Willy]              What is your name?
--age          |  -a  [Required]
--gender       |  -g  [Required]
--location     |  -l  [chocolate-factory]  insert your location
$ bash example.sh -h

Usage: bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99
--person_name  |  -n  [Willy]              What is your name?
--age          |  -a  [Required]
--gender       |  -g  [Required]
--location     |  -l  [chocolate-factory]  insert your location

其他回答

这是我在函数中如何避免在堆栈的较高位置同时中断getopts运行:

function waitForWeb () {
   local OPTIND=1 OPTARG OPTION
   local host=localhost port=8080 proto=http
   while getopts "h:p:r:" OPTION; do
      case "$OPTION" in
      h)
         host="$OPTARG"
         ;;
      p)
         port="$OPTARG"
         ;;
      r)
         proto="$OPTARG"
         ;;
      esac
   done
...
}

假设我们创建一个名为test_args.sh的shell脚本,如下所示

#!/bin/sh
until [ $# -eq 0 ]
do
  name=${1:1}; shift;
  if [[ -z "$1" || $1 == -* ]] ; then eval "export $name=true"; else eval "export $name=$1"; shift; fi  
done
echo "year=$year month=$month day=$day flag=$flag"

运行以下命令后:

sh test_args.sh  -year 2017 -flag  -month 12 -day 22 

输出将是:

year=2017 month=12 day=22 flag=true

这也可能很有用:您可以设置一个值,如果有人提供输入,则使用该值覆盖默认值。

myscript.sh-f/serverlist.txt或只是/myscript.sh(它采用默认值)

    #!/bin/bash
    # --- set the value, if there is inputs, override the defaults.

    HOME_FOLDER="${HOME}/owned_id_checker"
    SERVER_FILE_LIST="${HOME_FOLDER}/server_list.txt"

    while [[ $# > 1 ]]
    do
    key="$1"
    shift
    
    case $key in
        -i|--inputlist)
        SERVER_FILE_LIST="$1"
        shift
        ;;
    esac
    done

    
    echo "SERVER LIST   = ${SERVER_FILE_LIST}"

我发现在脚本中编写可移植解析的问题非常令人沮丧,因此我编写了Argbash-一个FOSS代码生成器,它可以为您的脚本生成参数解析代码,并且具有一些不错的功能:

https://argbash.io

使用bash模块中的模块“参数”

例子:

#!/bin/bash
. import.sh log arguments

NAME="world"

parse_arguments "-n|--name)NAME;S" -- "$@" || {
  error "Cannot parse command line."
  exit 1
}

info "Hello, $NAME!"