比如,我有一个脚本,用这行代码调用:
./myscript -vfd ./foo/bar/someFile -o /fizz/someOtherFile
或者这个:
./myscript -v -f -d -o /fizz/someOtherFile ./foo/bar/someFile
什么是公认的解析方式,以便在每种情况下(或两者的某种组合)$v、$f和$d都将设置为true,而$outFile将等于/fiz/someOtherFile?
比如,我有一个脚本,用这行代码调用:
./myscript -vfd ./foo/bar/someFile -o /fizz/someOtherFile
或者这个:
./myscript -v -f -d -o /fizz/someOtherFile ./foo/bar/someFile
什么是公认的解析方式,以便在每种情况下(或两者的某种组合)$v、$f和$d都将设置为true,而$outFile将等于/fiz/someOtherFile?
当前回答
有几种方法可以解析cmdline参数(例如GNU getopt(不可移植)vs BSD(MacOS)getopt vs getopts)-所有这些都有问题。此解决方案
是便携式的!没有依赖关系,仅依赖于bash内置允许短期和长期选项处理空格或同时在选项和参数之间使用=分隔符支持串联短选项样式-vxfhandles选项和可选参数(例如--color vs--color=always),正确检测和报告未知选项支持--表示选项结束,以及与相同功能集的替代方案相比,不需要代码膨胀。即简洁,因此易于维护
示例:任何
# flag
-f
--foo
# option with required argument
-b"Hello World"
-b "Hello World"
--bar "Hello World"
--bar="Hello World"
# option with optional argument
--baz
--baz="Optional Hello"
#!/usr/bin/env bash
usage() {
cat - >&2 <<EOF
NAME
program-name.sh - Brief description
SYNOPSIS
program-name.sh [-h|--help]
program-name.sh [-f|--foo]
[-b|--bar <arg>]
[--baz[=<arg>]]
[--]
FILE ...
REQUIRED ARGUMENTS
FILE ...
input files
OPTIONS
-h, --help
Prints this and exits
-f, --foo
A flag option
-b, --bar <arg>
Option requiring an argument <arg>
--baz[=<arg>]
Option that has an optional argument <arg>. If <arg>
is not specified, defaults to 'DEFAULT'
--
Specify end of options; useful if the first non option
argument starts with a hyphen
EOF
}
fatal() {
for i; do
echo -e "${i}" >&2
done
exit 1
}
# For long option processing
next_arg() {
if [[ $OPTARG == *=* ]]; then
# for cases like '--opt=arg'
OPTARG="${OPTARG#*=}"
else
# for cases like '--opt arg'
OPTARG="${args[$OPTIND]}"
OPTIND=$((OPTIND + 1))
fi
}
# ':' means preceding option character expects one argument, except
# first ':' which make getopts run in silent mode. We handle errors with
# wildcard case catch. Long options are considered as the '-' character
optspec=":hfb:-:"
args=("" "$@") # dummy first element so $1 and $args[1] are aligned
while getopts "$optspec" optchar; do
case "$optchar" in
h) usage; exit 0 ;;
f) foo=1 ;;
b) bar="$OPTARG" ;;
-) # long option processing
case "$OPTARG" in
help)
usage; exit 0 ;;
foo)
foo=1 ;;
bar|bar=*) next_arg
bar="$OPTARG" ;;
baz)
baz=DEFAULT ;;
baz=*) next_arg
baz="$OPTARG" ;;
-) break ;;
*) fatal "Unknown option '--${OPTARG}'" "see '${0} --help' for usage" ;;
esac
;;
*) fatal "Unknown option: '-${OPTARG}'" "See '${0} --help' for usage" ;;
esac
done
shift $((OPTIND-1))
if [ "$#" -eq 0 ]; then
fatal "Expected at least one required argument FILE" \
"See '${0} --help' for usage"
fi
echo "foo=$foo, bar=$bar, baz=$baz, files=${@}"
其他回答
getopt()/getopts()是一个很好的选项。从此处复制:
“getopt”的简单用法如下小脚本所示:
#!/bin/bash
echo "Before getopt"
for i
do
echo $i
done
args=`getopt abc:d $*`
set -- $args
echo "After getopt"
for i
do
echo "-->$i"
done
我们所说的是,-b、 -c或-d将被允许,但-c后面跟着一个参数(“c:”表示)。如果我们称之为“g”并尝试:
bash-2.05a$ ./g -abc foo
Before getopt
-abc
foo
After getopt
-->-a
-->-b
-->-c
-->foo
-->--
我们从两个参数开始“getopt”将选项和每个人都有自己的论点。它也是添加了“--”。
这也可能很有用:您可以设置一个值,如果有人提供输入,则使用该值覆盖默认值。
myscript.sh-f/serverlist.txt或只是/myscript.sh(它采用默认值)
#!/bin/bash
# --- set the value, if there is inputs, override the defaults.
HOME_FOLDER="${HOME}/owned_id_checker"
SERVER_FILE_LIST="${HOME_FOLDER}/server_list.txt"
while [[ $# > 1 ]]
do
key="$1"
shift
case $key in
-i|--inputlist)
SERVER_FILE_LIST="$1"
shift
;;
esac
done
echo "SERVER LIST = ${SERVER_FILE_LIST}"
我想提供我的选项解析版本,它允许以下内容:
-s p1
--stage p1
-w somefolder
--workfolder somefolder
-sw p1 somefolder
-e=hello
也允许这样做(可能不需要):
-s--workfolder p1 somefolder
-se=hello p1
-swe=hello p1 somefolder
您必须在使用前决定是否在选项上使用=。这是为了保持代码干净。
while [[ $# > 0 ]]
do
key="$1"
while [[ ${key+x} ]]
do
case $key in
-s*|--stage)
STAGE="$2"
shift # option has parameter
;;
-w*|--workfolder)
workfolder="$2"
shift # option has parameter
;;
-e=*)
EXAMPLE="${key#*=}"
break # option has been fully handled
;;
*)
# unknown option
echo Unknown option: $key #1>&2
exit 10 # either this: my preferred way to handle unknown options
break # or this: do this to signal the option has been handled (if exit isn't used)
;;
esac
# prepare for next option in this key, if any
[[ "$key" = -? || "$key" == --* ]] && unset key || key="${key/#-?/-}"
done
shift # option(s) fully processed, proceed to next input argument
done
根据这里的其他答案,这是我的版本:
#!/bin/bash
set -e
function parse() {
for arg in "$@"; do # transform long options to short ones
shift
case "$arg" in
"--name") set -- "$@" "-n" ;;
"--verbose") set -- "$@" "-v" ;;
*) set -- "$@" "$arg"
esac
done
while getopts "n:v" optname # left to ":" are flags that expect a value, right to the ":" are flags that expect nothing
do
case "$optname" in
"n") name=${OPTARG} ;;
"v") verbose=true ;;
esac
done
shift "$((OPTIND-1))" # shift out all the already processed options
}
parse "$@"
echo "hello $name"
if [ ! -z $verbose ]; then echo 'nice to meet you!'; fi
用法:
$ ./parse.sh
hello
$ ./parse.sh -n YOUR_NAME
hello YOUR_NAME
$ ./parse.sh -n YOUR_NAME -v
hello YOUR_NAME
nice to meet you!
$ ./parse.sh -v -n YOUR_NAME
hello YOUR_NAME
nice to meet you!
$ ./parse.sh -v
hello
nice to meet you!
我认为这个很简单:
#!/bin/bash
#
readopt='getopts $opts opt;rc=$?;[ "$rc$opt" = "0?" ]&&exit 1;[ $rc = 0 ]||{ shift $[OPTIND-1];false; }'
opts=vfdo:
# Enumerating options
while eval "$readopt"
do
echo OPT:$opt ${OPTARG+OPTARG:$OPTARG}
done
# Enumerating arguments
for arg
do
echo ARG:$arg
done
调用示例:
./myscript -v -do /fizz/someOtherFile -f ./foo/bar/someFile
OPT:v
OPT:d
OPT:o OPTARG:/fizz/someOtherFile
OPT:f
ARG:./foo/bar/someFile