如何保存Python交互会话?

I find myself frequently using Python's interpreter to work with databases, files, etc -- basically a lot of manual formatting of semi-structured data. I don't properly save and clean up the useful bits as often as I would like. Is there a way to save my input into the shell (db connections, variable assignments, little for loops and bits of logic) -- some history of the interactive session? If I use something like script I get too much stdout noise. I don't really need to pickle all the objects -- though if there is a solution that does that, it would be OK. Ideally I would just be left with a script that ran as the one I created interactively, and I could just delete the bits I didn't need. Is there a package that does this, or a DIY approach?

当前回答

就Linux而言，人们可以使用脚本命令来记录整个会话。它是util-linux包的一部分，所以应该在大多数Linux系统上。你可以创建一个别名或函数，调用script -c python，并保存到typescript文件中。例如，这里有一个这样的文件的再版。

$ cat typescript                                                                                                      
Script started on Sat 14 May 2016 08:30:08 AM MDT
Python 2.7.6 (default, Jun 22 2015, 17:58:13) 
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print 'Hello Pythonic World'
Hello Pythonic World
>>> 

Script done on Sat 14 May 2016 08:30:42 AM MDT

这里的一个小缺点是，脚本会记录所有内容，甚至换行，无论何时点击退格等等。所以你可能想使用col来清理输出(参见这篇关于Unix&Linux Stackexchange的文章)。

2016-05-14 14:45:52

其他回答

有一种方法可以做到。将文件存储在~/.pystartup…

# Add auto-completion and a stored history file of commands to your Python
# interactive interpreter. Requires Python 2.0+, readline. Autocomplete is
# bound to the Esc key by default (you can change it - see readline docs).
#
# Store the file in ~/.pystartup, and set an environment variable to point
# to it:  "export PYTHONSTARTUP=/home/user/.pystartup" in bash.
#
# Note that PYTHONSTARTUP does *not* expand "~", so you have to put in the
# full path to your home directory.

import atexit
import os
import readline
import rlcompleter

historyPath = os.path.expanduser("~/.pyhistory")

def save_history(historyPath=historyPath):
    import readline
    readline.write_history_file(historyPath)

if os.path.exists(historyPath):
    readline.read_history_file(historyPath)

atexit.register(save_history)
del os, atexit, readline, rlcompleter, save_history, historyPath

然后在shell中设置环境变量PYTHONSTARTUP(例如在~/.bashrc中):

export PYTHONSTARTUP=$HOME/.pystartup

你也可以添加这个来获得免费的自动补全:

readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')

请注意，这只适用于*nix系统。因为readline只在Unix平台上可用。

2009-06-03 23:23:20

一些评论询问如何一次保存所有的IPython输入。对于IPython中的%save魔术，您可以以编程方式保存所有命令，如下所示，以避免提示消息，也避免指定输入数字。 currentLine = len(In)-1 %save -f my_session 1-$currentLine

f选项用于强制替换文件，len(IN)-1显示IPython中的当前输入提示符，允许您以编程方式保存整个会话。

2016-07-26 15:14:54

我不得不努力寻找答案，我对iPython环境非常陌生。

这是可行的

如果你的iPython会话是这样的

In [1] : import numpy as np
....
In [135]: counter=collections.Counter(mapusercluster[3])
In [136]: counter
Out[136]: Counter({2: 700, 0: 351, 1: 233})

你想保存从1到135的行，然后在同一个ipython会话上使用这个命令