这应该可以工作:

import subprocess

def install(name):
    subprocess.call(['pip', 'install', name])

为了有条件地安装多个确切版本的包，我一直在使用基于@Tanmay Shrivastava的回答的这个模式:

import sys
from subprocess import run, PIPE, STDOUT
import pkg_resources

def run_cmd(cmd):
    ps = run(cmd, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT, shell=True, text=True)
    print(ps.stdout)


# packages to be conditionally installed with exact version
required = {"click==8.0.1", "semver==3.0.0.dev2"}
installed = {f"{pkg.key}=={pkg.version}" for pkg in pkg_resources.working_set}
missing = required - installed

if missing:
    run_cmd(f'pip install --ignore-installed {" ".join([*missing])}')

试试下面的方法。到目前为止，对我来说是最好的 首先安装4个，然后在REQUIRED列表中提到新的

import pkg_resources
import subprocess
import sys
import os

REQUIRED = {
  'spacy', 'scikit-learn', 'numpy', 'pandas', 'torch', 
  'pyfunctional', 'textblob', 'seaborn', 'matplotlib'
}

installed = {pkg.key for pkg in pkg_resources.working_set}
missing = REQUIRED - installed

if missing:
    python = sys.executable
    subprocess.check_call([python, '-m', 'pip', 'install', *missing], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)

我在@Aaron的回答中添加了一些异常处理。

import subprocess
import sys

try:
    import pandas as pd
except ImportError:
    subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", 'pandas'])
finally:
    import pandas as pd

    import pip

try:
    import imaplib
    import email
    import pandas as pd
    # for hiding password
    from pathlib import Path
    from dotenv import load_dotenv
    import os
    import requests
    # 
    from collections import defaultdict
    from itertools import permutations,combinations
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
    e = str(e).split(' ')[-1].replace("'","")
    pip.main(['install', e])

如果你想使用pip安装所需的包，并在安装后导入，你可以使用这段代码:

def install_and_import(package):
    import importlib
    try:
        importlib.import_module(package)
    except ImportError:
        import pip
        pip.main(['install', package])
    finally:
        globals()[package] = importlib.import_module(package)


install_and_import('transliterate')

如果您以用户身份安装包，可能会遇到不能直接导入包的问题。参见如何刷新sys.path?获取更多信息。