试试下面的方法。到目前为止，对我来说是最好的 首先安装4个，然后在REQUIRED列表中提到新的

import pkg_resources
import subprocess
import sys
import os

REQUIRED = {
  'spacy', 'scikit-learn', 'numpy', 'pandas', 'torch', 
  'pyfunctional', 'textblob', 'seaborn', 'matplotlib'
}

installed = {pkg.key for pkg in pkg_resources.working_set}
missing = REQUIRED - installed

if missing:
    python = sys.executable
    subprocess.check_call([python, '-m', 'pip', 'install', *missing], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)

你可以用"install_requires"选项在你自己的包的setup.py中定义依赖模块。

如果您的包需要生成一些控制台脚本，那么您可以使用“console_scripts”入口点来生成将放置的包装器脚本 在“bin”文件夹中(例如你的virtualenv环境)。

为了有条件地安装多个确切版本的包，我一直在使用基于@Tanmay Shrivastava的回答的这个模式:

import sys
from subprocess import run, PIPE, STDOUT
import pkg_resources

def run_cmd(cmd):
    ps = run(cmd, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT, shell=True, text=True)
    print(ps.stdout)


# packages to be conditionally installed with exact version
required = {"click==8.0.1", "semver==3.0.0.dev2"}
installed = {f"{pkg.key}=={pkg.version}" for pkg in pkg_resources.working_set}
missing = required - installed

if missing:
    run_cmd(f'pip install --ignore-installed {" ".join([*missing])}')

如果你想要一个更有效的答案，扩展subprocess.check_call。您可以首先使用pkg_resources检查需求是否已经得到满足。

这适用于不同的需求说明符，这很好。例如>=，==

import sys
import subprocess
import pkg_resources
from pkg_resources import DistributionNotFound, VersionConflict

def should_install_requirement(requirement):
    should_install = False
    try:
        pkg_resources.require(requirement)
    except (DistributionNotFound, VersionConflict):
        should_install = True
    return should_install


def install_packages(requirement_list):
    try:
        requirements = [
            requirement
            for requirement in requirement_list
            if should_install_requirement(requirement)
        ]
        if len(requirements) > 0:
            subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", *requirements])
        else:
            print("Requirements already satisfied.")

    except Exception as e:
        print(e)

使用示例:

requirement_list = ['requests', 'httpx==0.18.2']
install_packages(requirement_list)

相关信息Stackoverflow问题:58612272

这应该可以工作:

import subprocess

def install(name):
    subprocess.call(['pip', 'install', name])

你还可以使用如下语句:

import pip

def install(package):
    if hasattr(pip, 'main'):
        pip.main(['install', package])
    else:
        pip._internal.main(['install', package])

# Example
if __name__ == '__main__':
    install('argh')