我正在开发一个应用程序，其中一个设计方法涉及到大量使用instanceof操作符。虽然我知道OO设计通常试图避免使用instanceof，但那是另一回事，这个问题纯粹与性能有关。我想知道是否对性能有影响?和==一样快吗?
例如，我有一个有10个子类的基类。在接受基类的单个函数中，我检查类是否是子类的实例并执行一些例程。
我想到的另一种解决方法是使用“type id”整数原语，并使用位掩码来表示子类的类别，然后对子类“type id”与表示类别的常量掩码进行位掩码比较。
instanceof是否被JVM优化得更快?我想坚持使用Java，但应用程序的性能至关重要。如果有人曾经在这条路上走过，可以提供一些建议，那就太棒了。我是不是太挑剔了，或者专注在错误的地方去优化?
当前回答
You're focusing on the wrong thing. The difference between instanceof and any other method for checking the same thing would probably not even be measurable. If performance is critical then Java is probably the wrong language. The major reason being that you can't control when the VM decides it wants to go collect garbage, which can take the CPU to 100% for several seconds in a large program (MagicDraw 10 was great for that). Unless you are in control of every computer this program will run on you can't guarantee which version of JVM it will be on, and many of the older ones had major speed issues. If it's a small app you may be ok with Java, but if you are constantly reading and discarding data then you will notice when the GC kicks in.
其他回答
Instanceof非常高效，因此您的性能不太可能受到影响。 然而，使用大量的instanceof暗示了一个设计问题。
如果您可以使用xClass == String.class，这将更快。注意:final类不需要instanceof。
我认为在本页提交一个反例来反驳“instanceof”的普遍共识是值得的。我发现我在一个内循环中有一些代码(在一些历史性的优化尝试中)
if (!(seq instanceof SingleItem)) {
seq = seq.head();
}
在SingleItem上调用head()返回的值不变。将代码替换为
seq = seq.head();
让我从269毫秒加速到169ms，尽管事实上在循环中发生了一些相当繁重的事情，比如字符串到双精度转换。当然，加速可能更多是由于消除了条件分支，而不是消除了操作符本身的实例;但我觉得值得一提。
关于Peter Lawrey的注释，final类不需要instanceof，只需使用一个引用相等，请小心!即使最终的类不能扩展，也不能保证它们由相同的类加载器加载。只有在绝对肯定这段代码只有一个类加载器时，才使用x.getClass() == SomeFinal.class或类似的类加载器。
我也更喜欢枚举方法，但我将使用抽象基类强制子类实现getType()方法。
public abstract class Base
{
protected enum TYPE
{
DERIVED_A, DERIVED_B
}
public abstract TYPE getType();
class DerivedA extends Base
{
@Override
public TYPE getType()
{
return TYPE.DERIVED_A;
}
}
class DerivedB extends Base
{
@Override
public TYPE getType()
{
return TYPE.DERIVED_B;
}
}
}
You're focusing on the wrong thing. The difference between instanceof and any other method for checking the same thing would probably not even be measurable. If performance is critical then Java is probably the wrong language. The major reason being that you can't control when the VM decides it wants to go collect garbage, which can take the CPU to 100% for several seconds in a large program (MagicDraw 10 was great for that). Unless you are in control of every computer this program will run on you can't guarantee which version of JVM it will be on, and many of the older ones had major speed issues. If it's a small app you may be ok with Java, but if you are constantly reading and discarding data then you will notice when the GC kicks in.
