这是Ionuț G. Stan的回答的后续，但通过使用var ClassFirst = this显示了整洁代码的好处。ClassFirst = function(){…}，它利用JavaScript的闭包作用域来减少相同名称空间中的类的名称空间混乱。

var Namespace = new function() {
    var ClassFirst = this.ClassFirst = function() {
        this.abc = 123;
    }

    var ClassSecond = this.ClassSecond = function() {
        console.log("Cluttered way to access another class in namespace: ", new Namespace.ClassFirst().abc);
        console.log("Nicer way to access a class in same namespace: ", new ClassFirst().abc);
    }
}

var Namespace2 = new function() {
    var ClassFirst = this.ClassFirst = function() {
        this.abc = 666;
    }

    var ClassSecond = this.ClassSecond = function() {
        console.log("Cluttered way to access another class in namespace: ", new Namespace2.ClassFirst().abc);
        console.log("Nicer way to access a class in same namespace: ", new ClassFirst().abc);
    }
}

new Namespace.ClassSecond()
new Namespace2.ClassSecond()

输出:

Cluttered way to access another class in namespace: 123
Nicer way to access a class in same namespace: 123
Cluttered way to access another class in namespace: 666
Nicer way to access a class in same namespace: 666

我使用这种方法:

var myNamespace = {}
myNamespace._construct = function()
{
    var staticVariable = "This is available to all functions created here"

    function MyClass()
    {
       // Depending on the class, we may build all the classes here
       this.publicMethod = function()
       {
          //Do stuff
       }
    }

    // Alternatively, we may use a prototype.
    MyClass.prototype.altPublicMethod = function()
    {
        //Do stuff
    }

    function privateStuff()
    {
    }

    function publicStuff()
    {
       // Code that may call other public and private functions
    }

    // List of things to place publically
    this.publicStuff = publicStuff
    this.MyClass = MyClass
}
myNamespace._construct()

// The following may or may not be in another file
myNamespace.subName = {}
myNamespace.subName._construct = function()
{
   // Build namespace
}
myNamespace.subName._construct()

外部代码可以是:

var myClass = new myNamespace.MyClass();
var myOtherClass = new myNamepace.subName.SomeOtherClass();
myNamespace.subName.publicOtherStuff(someParameter);

我通常在闭包中构建它:

var MYNS = MYNS || {};

MYNS.subns = (function() {

    function privateMethod() {
        // Do private stuff, or build internal.
        return "Message";
    }

    return {
        someProperty: 'prop value',
        publicMethod: function() {
            return privateMethod() + " stuff";
        }
    };
})();

自从写了这篇文章以来，我的风格在这些年里有了微妙的变化，现在我发现自己是这样写闭包的:

var MYNS = MYNS || {};

MYNS.subns = (function() {
    var internalState = "Message";

    var privateMethod = function() {
        // Do private stuff, or build internal.
        return internalState;
    };
    var publicMethod = function() {
        return privateMethod() + " stuff";
    };

    return {
        someProperty: 'prop value',
        publicMethod: publicMethod
    };
})();

通过这种方式，我发现公共API和实现更容易理解。将return语句视为实现的公共接口。

下面是Stoyan Stefanov在他的JavaScript Patterns一书中是如何做到这一点的，我发现这本书非常好(它还展示了他如何做注释，允许自动生成API文档，以及如何向自定义对象的原型添加一个方法):

/**
* My JavaScript application
*
* @module myapp
*/

/** @namespace Namespace for MYAPP classes and functions. */
var MYAPP = MYAPP || {};

/**
* A maths utility
* @namespace MYAPP
* @class math_stuff
*/
MYAPP.math_stuff = {

    /**
    * Sums two numbers
    *
    * @method sum
    * @param {Number} a First number
    * @param {Number} b Second number
    * @return {Number} Sum of the inputs
    */
    sum: function (a, b) {
        return a + b;
    },

    /**
    * Multiplies two numbers
    *
    * @method multi
    * @param {Number} a First number
    * @param {Number} b Second number
    * @return {Number} The inputs multiplied
    */
    multi: function (a, b) {
        return a * b;
    }
};

/**
* Constructs Person objects
* @class Person
* @constructor
* @namespace MYAPP
* @param {String} First name
* @param {String} Last name
*/
MYAPP.Person = function (first, last) {

    /**
    * First name of the Person
    * @property first_name
    * @type String
    */
    this.first_name = first;

    /**
    * Last name of the Person
    * @property last_name
    * @type String
    */
    this.last_name = last;
};

/**
* Return Person's full name
*
* @method getName
* @return {String} First name + last name
*/
MYAPP.Person.prototype.getName = function () {
    return this.first_name + ' ' + this.last_name;
};

我创建的命名空间是受到Erlang模块的启发。这是一种非常实用的方法，但这就是我最近编写JavaScript代码的方式。

它为闭包提供全局名称空间，并在闭包中公开已定义的集合函数。

(function(){

  namespace("images", previous, next);
  // ^^ This creates or finds a root object, images, and binds the two functions to it.
  // It works even though those functions are not yet defined.

  function previous(){ ... }

  function next(){ ... }

  function find(){ ... } // A private function

})();

在将我的几个库移植到不同的项目中，并且不得不不断更改顶级(静态命名的)名称空间之后，我转而使用这个小的(开源的)帮助函数来定义名称空间。

global_namespace.Define('startpad.base', function(ns) {
    var Other = ns.Import('startpad.other');
    ....
});

关于好处的描述在我的博客文章中。您可以在这里获取源代码。

我非常喜欢的一个好处是模块之间相对于加载顺序的隔离。你可以在加载外部模块之前引用它。当代码可用时，将填充您获得的对象引用。