当从代码中调用web资源时，一个常见的任务是构建一个包含所有必要参数的查询字符串。虽然这绝不是火箭科学，但有一些漂亮的细节需要注意，例如，如果不是第一个参数，则添加&，对参数进行编码等。
实现它的代码非常简单，但有点乏味:
StringBuilder SB = new StringBuilder();
if (NeedsToAddParameter A)
{
SB.Append("A="); SB.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode("TheValueOfA"));
}
if (NeedsToAddParameter B)
{
if (SB.Length>0) SB.Append("&");
SB.Append("B="); SB.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode("TheValueOfB")); }
}
这是一个非常常见的任务，人们希望存在一个实用工具类，使其更加优雅和可读。扫描MSDN，我没有找到一个，这让我想到了以下问题:
你所知道的最优雅干净的方法是什么?
当前回答
Flurl[披露:我是作者]支持通过匿名对象(以及其他方式)构建查询字符串:
var url = "http://www.some-api.com".SetQueryParams(new
{
api_key = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["SomeApiKey"],
max_results = 20,
q = "Don't worry, I'll get encoded!"
});
可选的Flurl。Http companion lib允许您在相同的流畅调用链上执行Http调用，将其扩展为一个成熟的REST客户端:
T result = await "https://api.mysite.com"
.AppendPathSegment("person")
.SetQueryParams(new { ap_key = "my-key" })
.WithOAuthBearerToken("MyToken")
.PostJsonAsync(new { first_name = firstName, last_name = lastName })
.ReceiveJson<T>();
完整的软件包在NuGet上可用:
PM>安装包Flurl。Http
或者只是独立的URL构建器:
PM>安装包Flurl
其他回答
未经测试，但我认为沿着这些路线的东西会工作得很好
public class QueryString
{
private Dictionary<string,string> _Params = new Dictionary<string,string>();
public overide ToString()
{
List<string> returnParams = new List<string>();
foreach (KeyValuePair param in _Params)
{
returnParams.Add(String.Format("{0}={1}", param.Key, param.Value));
}
// return String.Format("?{0}", String.Join("&", returnParams.ToArray()));
// credit annakata
return "?" + String.Join("&", returnParams.ToArray());
}
public void Add(string key, string value)
{
_Params.Add(key, HttpUtility.UrlEncode(value));
}
}
QueryString query = new QueryString();
query.Add("param1", "value1");
query.Add("param2", "value2");
return query.ToString();
从Roy Tinker的评论中得到灵感，我最终在Uri类上使用了一个简单的扩展方法，使我的代码简洁干净:
using System.Web;
public static class HttpExtensions
{
public static Uri AddQuery(this Uri uri, string name, string value)
{
var httpValueCollection = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(uri.Query);
httpValueCollection.Remove(name);
httpValueCollection.Add(name, value);
var ub = new UriBuilder(uri);
ub.Query = httpValueCollection.ToString();
return ub.Uri;
}
}
用法:
Uri url = new Uri("http://localhost/rest/something/browse").
AddQuery("page", "0").
AddQuery("pageSize", "200");
编辑-标准兼容的变体
正如一些人指出的那样，httpValueCollection.ToString()以一种不符合标准的方式编码Unicode字符。这是通过调用HttpUtility来处理此类字符的相同扩展方法的变体。UrlEncode方法代替已弃用的HttpUtility方法。UrlEncodeUnicode方法。
using System.Web;
public static Uri AddQuery(this Uri uri, string name, string value)
{
var httpValueCollection = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(uri.Query);
httpValueCollection.Remove(name);
httpValueCollection.Add(name, value);
var ub = new UriBuilder(uri);
// this code block is taken from httpValueCollection.ToString() method
// and modified so it encodes strings with HttpUtility.UrlEncode
if (httpValueCollection.Count == 0)
ub.Query = String.Empty;
else
{
var sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < httpValueCollection.Count; i++)
{
string text = httpValueCollection.GetKey(i);
{
text = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(text);
string val = (text != null) ? (text + "=") : string.Empty;
string[] vals = httpValueCollection.GetValues(i);
if (sb.Length > 0)
sb.Append('&');
if (vals == null || vals.Length == 0)
sb.Append(val);
else
{
if (vals.Length == 1)
{
sb.Append(val);
sb.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(vals[0]));
}
else
{
for (int j = 0; j < vals.Length; j++)
{
if (j > 0)
sb.Append('&');
sb.Append(val);
sb.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(vals[j]));
}
}
}
}
}
ub.Query = sb.ToString();
}
return ub.Uri;
}
与已接受的解决方案相同，但转换为“点”LINQ语法…
private string ToQueryString(NameValueCollection nvc)
{
if (nvc == null) return String.Empty;
var queryParams =
string.Join("&", nvc.AllKeys.Select(key =>
string.Join("&", nvc.GetValues(key).Select(v => string.Format("{0}={1}", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(key), HttpUtility.UrlEncode(v))))));
return "?" + queryParams;
}
HttpValueCollection的可链接包装类:
namespace System.Web.Mvc {
public class QueryStringBuilder {
private NameValueCollection collection;
public QueryStringBuilder() {
collection = System.Web.HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(string.Empty);
}
public QueryStringBuilder Add(string key, string value) {
collection.Add(key, value);
return this;
}
public QueryStringBuilder Remove(string key) {
collection.Remove(key);
return this;
}
public string this[string key] {
get { return collection[key]; }
set { collection[key] = value; }
}
public string ToString() {
return collection.ToString();
}
}
}
使用示例:
QueryStringBuilder parameters = new QueryStringBuilder()
.Add("view", ViewBag.PageView)
.Add("page", ViewBag.PageNumber)
.Add("size", ViewBag.PageSize);
string queryString = parameters.ToString();
public static string ToQueryString(this Dictionary<string, string> source)
{
return String.Join("&", source.Select(kvp => String.Format("{0}={1}", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(kvp.Key), HttpUtility.UrlEncode(kvp.Value))).ToArray());
}
public static string ToQueryString(this NameValueCollection source)
{
return String.Join("&", source.Cast<string>().Select(key => String.Format("{0}={1}", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(key), HttpUtility.UrlEncode(source[key]))).ToArray());
}
