当从代码中调用web资源时,一个常见的任务是构建一个包含所有必要参数的查询字符串。虽然这绝不是火箭科学,但有一些漂亮的细节需要注意,例如,如果不是第一个参数,则添加&,对参数进行编码等。
实现它的代码非常简单,但有点乏味:
StringBuilder SB = new StringBuilder();
if (NeedsToAddParameter A)
{
SB.Append("A="); SB.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode("TheValueOfA"));
}
if (NeedsToAddParameter B)
{
if (SB.Length>0) SB.Append("&");
SB.Append("B="); SB.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode("TheValueOfB")); }
}
这是一个非常常见的任务,人们希望存在一个实用工具类,使其更加优雅和可读。扫描MSDN,我没有找到一个,这让我想到了以下问题:
你所知道的最优雅干净的方法是什么?
Flurl[披露:我是作者]支持通过匿名对象(以及其他方式)构建查询字符串:
var url = "http://www.some-api.com".SetQueryParams(new
{
api_key = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["SomeApiKey"],
max_results = 20,
q = "Don't worry, I'll get encoded!"
});
可选的Flurl。Http companion lib允许您在相同的流畅调用链上执行Http调用,将其扩展为一个成熟的REST客户端:
T result = await "https://api.mysite.com"
.AppendPathSegment("person")
.SetQueryParams(new { ap_key = "my-key" })
.WithOAuthBearerToken("MyToken")
.PostJsonAsync(new { first_name = firstName, last_name = lastName })
.ReceiveJson<T>();
完整的软件包在NuGet上可用:
PM>安装包Flurl。Http
或者只是独立的URL构建器:
PM>安装包Flurl
将这个类添加到项目中
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
public class QueryStringBuilder
{
private readonly List<KeyValuePair<string, object>> _list;
public QueryStringBuilder()
{
_list = new List<KeyValuePair<string, object>>();
}
public void Add(string name, object value)
{
_list.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, object>(name, value));
}
public override string ToString()
{
return String.Join("&", _list.Select(kvp => String.Concat(Uri.EscapeDataString(kvp.Key), "=", Uri.EscapeDataString(kvp.Value.ToString()))));
}
}
像这样使用它:
var actual = new QueryStringBuilder {
{"foo", 123},
{"bar", "val31"},
{"bar", "val32"}
};
actual.Add("a+b", "c+d");
actual.ToString(); // "foo=123&bar=val31&bar=val32&a%2bb=c%2bd"
基于扩展方法的快速版本:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var parameters = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>
{
new KeyValuePair<string, string>("A", "AValue"),
new KeyValuePair<string, string>("B", "BValue")
};
string output = "?" + string.Join("&", parameters.ConvertAll(param => param.ToQueryString()).ToArray());
}
}
public static class KeyValueExtensions
{
public static string ToQueryString(this KeyValuePair<string, string> obj)
{
return obj.Key + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(obj.Value);
}
}
可以使用where子句来选择将哪些参数添加到字符串中。
另一种方法是创建一个类NameValueCollection的扩展,返回完整的Url:
public static class CustomMethods
{
public static string ToUrl(this System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection collection)
{
if (collection.Count == 0) return "";
string completeUrl = "?";
for (int i = 0; i < collection.Count; i++)
{
completeUrl += new Page().Server.UrlEncode(collection.GetKey(i)) + "=" + new Page().Server.UrlEncode(collection.Get(i));
if ((i + 1) < collection.Count) completeUrl += "&";
}
return completeUrl;
}
}
然后,你可以使用你的新方法,例如:
System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection qString = new System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection();
qString.Add("name", "MyName");
qString.Add("email", "myemail@test.com");
qString.ToUrl(); //Result: "?name=MyName&email=myemail%40test.com"
我的提供:
public static Uri AddQuery(this Uri uri, string name, string value)
{
// this actually returns HttpValueCollection : NameValueCollection
// which uses unicode compliant encoding on ToString()
var query = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(uri.Query);
query.Add(name, value);
var uriBuilder = new UriBuilder(uri)
{
Query = query.ToString()
};
return uriBuilder.Uri;
}
用法:
var uri = new Uri("http://stackoverflow.com").AddQuery("such", "method")
.AddQuery("wow", "soFluent");
// http://stackoverflow.com?such=method&wow=soFluent