是否可以强制Excel自动识别UTF-8 CSV文件?

I'm developing a part of an application that's responsible for exporting some data into CSV files. The application always uses UTF-8 because of its multilingual nature at all levels. But opening such CSV files (containing e.g. diacritics, cyrillic letters, Greek letters) in Excel does not achieve the expected results showing something like Г„/Г¤, Г–/Г¶. And I don't know how to force Excel understand that the open CSV file is encoded in UTF-8. I also tried specifying UTF-8 BOM EF BB BF, but Excel ignores that.

有什么解决办法吗?

附注:哪些工具可能像Excel一样?

更新

I have to say that I've confused the community with the formulation of the question. When I was asking this question, I asked for a way of opening a UTF-8 CSV file in Excel without any problems for a user, in a fluent and transparent way. However, I used a wrong formulation asking for doing it automatically. That is very confusing and it clashes with VBA macro automation. There are two answers for this questions that I appreciate the most: the very first answer by Alex https://stackoverflow.com/a/6002338/166589, and I've accepted this answer; and the second one by Mark https://stackoverflow.com/a/6488070/166589 that have appeared a little later. From the usability point of view, Excel seemed to have lack of a good user-friendly UTF-8 CSV support, so I consider both answers are correct, and I have accepted Alex's answer first because it really stated that Excel was not able to do that transparently. That is what I confused with automatically here. Mark's answer promotes a more complicated way for more advanced users to achieve the expected result. Both answers are great, but Alex's one fits my not clearly specified question a little better.

更新2

在最后一次编辑5个月后，我注意到Alex的答案不知为何消失了。我真的希望这不是一个技术问题，我希望现在不再有关于哪个答案更好的讨论。所以我认为马克的答案是最好的。

当前回答

只是分享一个全面的功能，可能会使您的生活更容易与CSV文件....请注意与此主题相关的最后一个函数参数

function array2csv($data, $file = '', $download = true, $mode = 'w+', $delimiter = ',', $enclosure = '"', $escape_char = "\\", $addUnicodeBom = false)
{
    $return = false;

    if ($file == '') {
        $f = fopen('php://memory', 'r+');
    } else {
        $f = fopen($file, $mode);
    }

    if ($addUnicodeBom) {
        $utf8_with_bom = chr(239) . chr(187) . chr(191);
        fwrite($f, $utf8_with_bom);
    }


    foreach ($data as $line => $item) {

        fputcsv($f, $item, $delimiter, $enclosure, $escape_char);
    }

    rewind($f);

    if ($download == true) {
        $return = stream_get_contents($f);
    } else {
        $return = true;
    }

    return $return;
}

2022-11-03 09:16:26

其他回答

令人难以置信的是，有这么多答案，但没有一个能回答这个问题:

“当我问这个问题时，我询问了一种打开UTF-8的方法 CSV文件在Excel没有任何问题的用户，……”

被标记为200+赞成的接受答案对我来说是无用的，因为我不想给我的用户如何配置Excel的手册。除此之外:本手册将适用于一个Excel版本，但其他Excel版本有不同的菜单和配置对话框。每个Excel版本都需要一个手册。

那么问题是如何使Excel显示UTF8数据与一个简单的双击?

好吧，至少在Excel 2007中，如果你使用CSV文件，这是不可能的，因为UTF8 BOM被忽略，你只会看到垃圾。这已经是Lyubomyr Shaydariv问题的一部分:

“我还尝试指定UTF-8 BOM EF BB BF，但Excel忽略了这一点。”

我也有同样的经历:将俄语或希腊语数据写入UTF8 CSV文件，并使用BOM在Excel中生成垃圾:

UTF8 CSV文件内容:

Colum1;Column2
Val1;Val2
Авиабилет;Tλληνικ

Excel 2007的结果:

A solution is to not use CSV at all. This format is implemented so stupidly by Microsoft that it depends on the region settings in control panel if comma or semicolon is used as separator. So the same CSV file may open correctly on one computer but on anther computer not. "CSV" means "Comma Separated Values" but for example on a german Windows by default semicolon must be used as separator while comma does not work. (Here it should be named SSV = Semicolon Separated Values) CSV files cannot be interchanged between different language versions of Windows. This is an additional problem to the UTF-8 problem.

Excel已经存在了几十年。微软这么多年都没能实现CSV导入这样一个基本的功能，真是太遗憾了。

但是，如果您将相同的值放入HTML文件中，并将该文件保存为UTF8文件，文件扩展名为XLS，您将得到正确的结果。

UTF8 XLS文件内容:

<table>
<tr><td>Colum1</td><td>Column2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Val1</td><td>Val2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Авиабилет</td><td>Tλληνικ</td></tr>
</table>

Excel 2007的结果:

你甚至可以在HTML中使用Excel能正确显示的颜色。

<style>
.Head { background-color:gray; color:white; }
.Red  { color:red; }
</style>
<table border=1>
<tr><td class=Head>Colum1</td><td class=Head>Column2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Val1</td><td>Val2</td></tr>
<tr><td class=Red>Авиабилет</td><td class=Red>Tλληνικ</td></tr>
</table>

Excel 2007的结果:

在这种情况下，只有表本身具有黑色边框和线条。如果你想要所有的单元格显示网格线，这在HTML中也是可能的:

<html xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel">
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/plain; charset=UTF-8"/>
        <xml>
            <x:ExcelWorkbook>
                <x:ExcelWorksheets>
                    <x:ExcelWorksheet>
                        <x:Name>MySuperSheet</x:Name>
                        <x:WorksheetOptions>
                            <x:DisplayGridlines/>
                        </x:WorksheetOptions>
                    </x:ExcelWorksheet>
                </x:ExcelWorksheets>
            </x:ExcelWorkbook>
        </xml>
    </head>
    <body>
        <table>
            <tr><td>Colum1</td><td>Column2</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Val1</td><td>Val2</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Авиабилет</td><td>Tλληνικ</td></tr>
        </table>
    </body>
</html>

这段代码甚至允许指定工作表的名称(这里是“MySuperSheet”)

Excel 2007的结果:

2016-11-25 14:31:10

简单的vba宏用于打开utf-8文本和csv文件

Sub OpenTextFile()

   filetoopen = Application.GetOpenFilename("Text Files (*.txt;*.csv), *.txt;*.csv")
   If filetoopen = Null Or filetoopen = Empty Then Exit Sub

   Workbooks.OpenText Filename:=filetoopen, _
   Origin:=65001, DataType:=xlDelimited, Comma:=True

End Sub

原点:=65001为UTF-8。逗号:对于按列分布的.csv文件为True

保存在个人。XLSB使它始终可用。个性化excel工具栏添加一个宏调用按钮，并从那里打开文件。您可以添加更多的格式到宏，如列自动拟合，对齐等。

2012-03-19 15:02:40

是的，这是可能的。当写入流创建csv时，要做的第一件事是:

myStream.Write(Encoding.UTF8.GetPreamble(), 0, Encoding.UTF8.GetPreamble().Length)

2014-02-28 21:18:08

老问题了，但最简单的解决方法是:

在记事本中打开CSV 另存为->选择正确的编码打开新文件

2014-04-29 13:39:49

是的，这是可能的。正如之前多个用户所指出的，当文件以UTF-8编码时，excel读取正确的字节顺序标记似乎存在问题。对于UTF-16，它似乎没有问题，所以它是UTF-8特有的。我为此使用的解决方案是添加BOM，两次。为此，我执行了两次下面的sed命令:

sed -I '1s/^/\xef\xbb\xbf/' *.csv

，其中通配符可以替换为任何文件名。然而，这会导致.csv文件开头的sep=发生突变。然后，.csv文件将在excel中正常打开，但在第一个单元格中有一个带有“sep=”的额外行。 "sep="也可以在源文件的.csv中删除，但是当用VBA打开文件时，应该指定分隔符:

Workbooks.Open(name, Format:=6, Delimiter:=";", Local:=True)

格式6是.csv格式。将Local设置为true，以防文件中有日期。如果Local未设置为true，日期将被美国化，这在某些情况下会破坏.csv格式。

2016-12-01 13:03:53

是否可以强制Excel自动识别UTF-8 CSV文件?

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