我发现VasyaNovikov的答案对于打印大型通用树非常有用，并将其修改为二叉树

代码:

class TreeNode {
    Integer data = null;
    TreeNode left = null;
    TreeNode right = null;

    TreeNode(Integer data) {this.data = data;}

    public void print() {
        print("", this, false);
    }

    public void print(String prefix, TreeNode n, boolean isLeft) {
        if (n != null) {
            System.out.println (prefix + (isLeft ? "|-- " : "\\-- ") + n.data);
            print(prefix + (isLeft ? "|   " : "    "), n.left, true);
            print(prefix + (isLeft ? "|   " : "    "), n.right, false);
        }
    }
}

样例输出:

\-- 7
    |-- 3
    |   |-- 1
    |   |   \-- 2
    |   \-- 5
    |       |-- 4
    |       \-- 6
    \-- 11
        |-- 9
        |   |-- 8
        |   \-- 10
        \-- 13
            |-- 12
            \-- 14

我为此做了一个改进的算法，可以很好地处理不同大小的节点。它使用行自上而下地打印。

package alg;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;


/**
 * Binary tree printer
 * 
 * @author MightyPork
 */
public class TreePrinter
{
    /** Node that can be printed */
    public interface PrintableNode
    {
        /** Get left child */
        PrintableNode getLeft();


        /** Get right child */
        PrintableNode getRight();


        /** Get text to be printed */
        String getText();
    }


    /**
     * Print a tree
     * 
     * @param root
     *            tree root node
     */
    public static void print(PrintableNode root)
    {
        List<List<String>> lines = new ArrayList<List<String>>();

        List<PrintableNode> level = new ArrayList<PrintableNode>();
        List<PrintableNode> next = new ArrayList<PrintableNode>();

        level.add(root);
        int nn = 1;

        int widest = 0;

        while (nn != 0) {
            List<String> line = new ArrayList<String>();

            nn = 0;

            for (PrintableNode n : level) {
                if (n == null) {
                    line.add(null);

                    next.add(null);
                    next.add(null);
                } else {
                    String aa = n.getText();
                    line.add(aa);
                    if (aa.length() > widest) widest = aa.length();

                    next.add(n.getLeft());
                    next.add(n.getRight());

                    if (n.getLeft() != null) nn++;
                    if (n.getRight() != null) nn++;
                }
            }

            if (widest % 2 == 1) widest++;

            lines.add(line);

            List<PrintableNode> tmp = level;
            level = next;
            next = tmp;
            next.clear();
        }

        int perpiece = lines.get(lines.size() - 1).size() * (widest + 4);
        for (int i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
            List<String> line = lines.get(i);
            int hpw = (int) Math.floor(perpiece / 2f) - 1;

            if (i > 0) {
                for (int j = 0; j < line.size(); j++) {

                    // split node
                    char c = ' ';
                    if (j % 2 == 1) {
                        if (line.get(j - 1) != null) {
                            c = (line.get(j) != null) ? '┴' : '┘';
                        } else {
                            if (j < line.size() && line.get(j) != null) c = '└';
                        }
                    }
                    System.out.print(c);

                    // lines and spaces
                    if (line.get(j) == null) {
                        for (int k = 0; k < perpiece - 1; k++) {
                            System.out.print(" ");
                        }
                    } else {

                        for (int k = 0; k < hpw; k++) {
                            System.out.print(j % 2 == 0 ? " " : "─");
                        }
                        System.out.print(j % 2 == 0 ? "┌" : "┐");
                        for (int k = 0; k < hpw; k++) {
                            System.out.print(j % 2 == 0 ? "─" : " ");
                        }
                    }
                }
                System.out.println();
            }

            // print line of numbers
            for (int j = 0; j < line.size(); j++) {

                String f = line.get(j);
                if (f == null) f = "";
                int gap1 = (int) Math.ceil(perpiece / 2f - f.length() / 2f);
                int gap2 = (int) Math.floor(perpiece / 2f - f.length() / 2f);

                // a number
                for (int k = 0; k < gap1; k++) {
                    System.out.print(" ");
                }
                System.out.print(f);
                for (int k = 0; k < gap2; k++) {
                    System.out.print(" ");
                }
            }
            System.out.println();

            perpiece /= 2;
        }
    }
}

要在树中使用它，让Node类实现PrintableNode。

示例输出:

                                         2952:0                                             
                    ┌───────────────────────┴───────────────────────┐                       
                 1249:-1                                         5866:0                     
        ┌───────────┴───────────┐                       ┌───────────┴───────────┐           
     491:-1                  1572:0                  4786:1                  6190:0         
  ┌─────┘                                               └─────┐           ┌─────┴─────┐     
339:0                                                      5717:0      6061:0      6271:0   

我已经创建了简单的二叉树打印机。您可以随心所欲地使用和修改它，但无论如何它都没有优化。我认为这里有很多东西可以改进;)

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

public class BTreePrinterTest {

    private static Node<Integer> test1() {
        Node<Integer> root = new Node<Integer>(2);
        Node<Integer> n11 = new Node<Integer>(7);
        Node<Integer> n12 = new Node<Integer>(5);
        Node<Integer> n21 = new Node<Integer>(2);
        Node<Integer> n22 = new Node<Integer>(6);
        Node<Integer> n23 = new Node<Integer>(3);
        Node<Integer> n24 = new Node<Integer>(6);
        Node<Integer> n31 = new Node<Integer>(5);
        Node<Integer> n32 = new Node<Integer>(8);
        Node<Integer> n33 = new Node<Integer>(4);
        Node<Integer> n34 = new Node<Integer>(5);
        Node<Integer> n35 = new Node<Integer>(8);
        Node<Integer> n36 = new Node<Integer>(4);
        Node<Integer> n37 = new Node<Integer>(5);
        Node<Integer> n38 = new Node<Integer>(8);

        root.left = n11;
        root.right = n12;

        n11.left = n21;
        n11.right = n22;
        n12.left = n23;
        n12.right = n24;

        n21.left = n31;
        n21.right = n32;
        n22.left = n33;
        n22.right = n34;
        n23.left = n35;
        n23.right = n36;
        n24.left = n37;
        n24.right = n38;

        return root;
    }

    private static Node<Integer> test2() {
        Node<Integer> root = new Node<Integer>(2);
        Node<Integer> n11 = new Node<Integer>(7);
        Node<Integer> n12 = new Node<Integer>(5);
        Node<Integer> n21 = new Node<Integer>(2);
        Node<Integer> n22 = new Node<Integer>(6);
        Node<Integer> n23 = new Node<Integer>(9);
        Node<Integer> n31 = new Node<Integer>(5);
        Node<Integer> n32 = new Node<Integer>(8);
        Node<Integer> n33 = new Node<Integer>(4);

        root.left = n11;
        root.right = n12;

        n11.left = n21;
        n11.right = n22;

        n12.right = n23;
        n22.left = n31;
        n22.right = n32;

        n23.left = n33;

        return root;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        BTreePrinter.printNode(test1());
        BTreePrinter.printNode(test2());

    }
}

class Node<T extends Comparable<?>> {
    Node<T> left, right;
    T data;

    public Node(T data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
}

class BTreePrinter {

    public static <T extends Comparable<?>> void printNode(Node<T> root) {
        int maxLevel = BTreePrinter.maxLevel(root);

        printNodeInternal(Collections.singletonList(root), 1, maxLevel);
    }

    private static <T extends Comparable<?>> void printNodeInternal(List<Node<T>> nodes, int level, int maxLevel) {
        if (nodes.isEmpty() || BTreePrinter.isAllElementsNull(nodes))
            return;

        int floor = maxLevel - level;
        int endgeLines = (int) Math.pow(2, (Math.max(floor - 1, 0)));
        int firstSpaces = (int) Math.pow(2, (floor)) - 1;
        int betweenSpaces = (int) Math.pow(2, (floor + 1)) - 1;

        BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(firstSpaces);

        List<Node<T>> newNodes = new ArrayList<Node<T>>();
        for (Node<T> node : nodes) {
            if (node != null) {
                System.out.print(node.data);
                newNodes.add(node.left);
                newNodes.add(node.right);
            } else {
                newNodes.add(null);
                newNodes.add(null);
                System.out.print(" ");
            }

            BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(betweenSpaces);
        }
        System.out.println("");

        for (int i = 1; i <= endgeLines; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < nodes.size(); j++) {
                BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(firstSpaces - i);
                if (nodes.get(j) == null) {
                    BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(endgeLines + endgeLines + i + 1);
                    continue;
                }

                if (nodes.get(j).left != null)
                    System.out.print("/");
                else
                    BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(1);

                BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(i + i - 1);

                if (nodes.get(j).right != null)
                    System.out.print("\\");
                else
                    BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(1);

                BTreePrinter.printWhitespaces(endgeLines + endgeLines - i);
            }

            System.out.println("");
        }

        printNodeInternal(newNodes, level + 1, maxLevel);
    }

    private static void printWhitespaces(int count) {
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            System.out.print(" ");
    }

    private static <T extends Comparable<?>> int maxLevel(Node<T> node) {
        if (node == null)
            return 0;

        return Math.max(BTreePrinter.maxLevel(node.left), BTreePrinter.maxLevel(node.right)) + 1;
    }

    private static <T> boolean isAllElementsNull(List<T> list) {
        for (Object object : list) {
            if (object != null)
                return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

}

输出1:

         2               
        / \       
       /   \      
      /     \     
     /       \    
     7       5       
    / \     / \   
   /   \   /   \  
   2   6   3   6   
  / \ / \ / \ / \ 
  5 8 4 5 8 4 5 8 

输出2:

       2               
      / \       
     /   \      
    /     \     
   /       \    
   7       5       
  / \       \   
 /   \       \  
 2   6       9   
    / \     /   
    5 8     4   

这是打印树的一个非常简单的解决方案。它不是那么漂亮，但它真的很简单:

enum { kWidth = 6 };
void PrintSpace(int n)
{
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    printf(" ");
}

void PrintTree(struct Node * root, int level)
{
  if (!root) return;
  PrintTree(root->right, level + 1);
  PrintSpace(level * kWidth);
  printf("%d", root->data);
  PrintTree(root->left, level + 1);
}

样例输出:

      106
            105
104
            103
                  102
                        101
      100

这是一个非常多功能的树打印机。不是最好看的，但能处理很多案子。如果你能弄清楚，可以随意添加斜杠。

package com.tomac120.NodePrinter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by elijah on 6/28/16.
 */
public class NodePrinter{
    final private List<List<PrintableNodePosition>> nodesByRow;
    int maxColumnsLeft = 0;
    int maxColumnsRight = 0;
    int maxTitleLength = 0;
    String sep = " ";
    int depth = 0;

    public NodePrinter(PrintableNode rootNode, int chars_per_node){
        this.setDepth(rootNode,1);
        nodesByRow = new ArrayList<>(depth);
        this.addNode(rootNode._getPrintableNodeInfo(),0,0);
        for (int i = 0;i<chars_per_node;i++){
            //sep += " ";
        }
    }

    private void setDepth(PrintableNode info, int depth){
        if (depth > this.depth){
            this.depth = depth;
        }
        if (info._getLeftChild() != null){
            this.setDepth(info._getLeftChild(),depth+1);
        }
        if (info._getRightChild() != null){
            this.setDepth(info._getRightChild(),depth+1);
        }
    }

    private void addNode(PrintableNodeInfo node, int level, int position){
        if (position < 0 && -position > maxColumnsLeft){
            maxColumnsLeft = -position;
        }
        if (position > 0 && position > maxColumnsRight){
            maxColumnsRight = position;
        }
        if (node.getTitleLength() > maxTitleLength){
           maxTitleLength = node.getTitleLength();
        }
        List<PrintableNodePosition> row = this.getRow(level);
        row.add(new PrintableNodePosition(node, level, position));
        level++;

        int depthToUse = Math.min(depth,6);
        int levelToUse = Math.min(level,6);
        int offset = depthToUse - levelToUse-1;
        offset = (int)(Math.pow(offset,Math.log(depthToUse)*1.4));
        offset = Math.max(offset,3);


        PrintableNodeInfo leftChild = node.getLeftChildInfo();
        PrintableNodeInfo rightChild = node.getRightChildInfo();
        if (leftChild != null){
            this.addNode(leftChild,level,position-offset);
        }
        if (rightChild != null){
            this.addNode(rightChild,level,position+offset);
        }
    }

    private List<PrintableNodePosition> getRow(int row){
        if (row > nodesByRow.size() - 1){
            nodesByRow.add(new LinkedList<>());
        }
        return nodesByRow.get(row);
    }

    public void print(){
        int max_chars = this.maxColumnsLeft+maxColumnsRight+1;
        int level = 0;
        String node_format = "%-"+this.maxTitleLength+"s";
        for (List<PrintableNodePosition> pos_arr : this.nodesByRow){
            String[] chars = this.getCharactersArray(pos_arr,max_chars);
            String line = "";
            int empty_chars = 0;
            for (int i=0;i<chars.length+1;i++){
                String value_i = i < chars.length ? chars[i]:null;
                if (chars.length + 1 == i || value_i != null){
                    if (empty_chars > 0) {
                        System.out.print(String.format("%-" + empty_chars + "s", " "));
                    }
                    if (value_i != null){
                        System.out.print(String.format(node_format,value_i));
                        empty_chars = -1;
                    } else{
                        empty_chars = 0;
                    }
                } else {
                    empty_chars++;
                }
            }
            System.out.print("\n");

            int depthToUse = Math.min(6,depth);
            int line_offset = depthToUse - level;
            line_offset *= 0.5;
            line_offset = Math.max(0,line_offset);

            for (int i=0;i<line_offset;i++){
                System.out.println("");
            }


            level++;
        }
    }

    private String[] getCharactersArray(List<PrintableNodePosition> nodes, int max_chars){
        String[] positions = new String[max_chars+1];
        for (PrintableNodePosition a : nodes){
            int pos_i = maxColumnsLeft + a.column;
            String title_i = a.nodeInfo.getTitleFormatted(this.maxTitleLength);
            positions[pos_i] = title_i;
        }
        return positions;
    }
}

NodeInfo类

package com.tomac120.NodePrinter;

/**
 * Created by elijah on 6/28/16.
 */
public class PrintableNodeInfo {
    public enum CLI_PRINT_COLOR {
        RESET("\u001B[0m"),
        BLACK("\u001B[30m"),
        RED("\u001B[31m"),
        GREEN("\u001B[32m"),
        YELLOW("\u001B[33m"),
        BLUE("\u001B[34m"),
        PURPLE("\u001B[35m"),
        CYAN("\u001B[36m"),
        WHITE("\u001B[37m");

        final String value;
        CLI_PRINT_COLOR(String value){
            this.value = value;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return value;
        }
    }
    private final String title;
    private final PrintableNode leftChild;
    private final PrintableNode rightChild;
    private final CLI_PRINT_COLOR textColor;

    public PrintableNodeInfo(String title, PrintableNode leftChild, PrintableNode rightChild){
        this(title,leftChild,rightChild,CLI_PRINT_COLOR.BLACK);
    }

    public PrintableNodeInfo(String title, PrintableNode leftChild, PrintableNode righthild, CLI_PRINT_COLOR textColor){
        this.title = title;
        this.leftChild = leftChild;
        this.rightChild = righthild;
        this.textColor = textColor;
    }

    public String getTitle(){
        return title;
    }

    public CLI_PRINT_COLOR getTextColor(){
        return textColor;
    }

    public String getTitleFormatted(int max_chars){
        return this.textColor+title+CLI_PRINT_COLOR.RESET;
        /*
        String title = this.title.length() > max_chars ? this.title.substring(0,max_chars+1):this.title;
        boolean left = true;
        while(title.length() < max_chars){
            if (left){
                title = " "+title;
            } else {
                title = title + " ";
            }
        }
        return this.textColor+title+CLI_PRINT_COLOR.RESET;*/
    }

    public int getTitleLength(){
        return title.length();
    }

    public PrintableNodeInfo getLeftChildInfo(){
        if (leftChild == null){
            return null;
        }
        return leftChild._getPrintableNodeInfo();
    }

    public PrintableNodeInfo getRightChildInfo(){
        if (rightChild == null){
            return null;
        }
        return rightChild._getPrintableNodeInfo();
    }
}

NodePosition类

package com.tomac120.NodePrinter;

/**
 * Created by elijah on 6/28/16.
 */
public class PrintableNodePosition implements Comparable<PrintableNodePosition> {
    public final int row;
    public final int column;
    public final PrintableNodeInfo nodeInfo;
    public PrintableNodePosition(PrintableNodeInfo nodeInfo, int row, int column){
        this.row = row;
        this.column = column;
        this.nodeInfo = nodeInfo;
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(PrintableNodePosition o) {
        return Integer.compare(this.column,o.column);
    }
}

最后是节点接口

package com.tomac120.NodePrinter;

/**
 * Created by elijah on 6/28/16.
 */
public interface PrintableNode {
    PrintableNodeInfo _getPrintableNodeInfo();
    PrintableNode _getLeftChild();
    PrintableNode _getRightChild();
}

迈克尔。克鲁兹曼，我不得不说，这人不错。这很有用。

然而，上面的方法只适用于个位数:如果您要使用多个数字，结构将会错位，因为您使用的是空格而不是制表符。

至于我后来的代码，我需要更多的数字，所以我自己编写了一个程序。

它现在有一些bug，现在我感觉很懒去纠正它们，但它打印得非常漂亮，节点可以接受更大数量的数字。

这棵树不会像问题提到的那样，但它旋转了270度:)

public static void printBinaryTree(TreeNode root, int level){
    if(root==null)
         return;
    printBinaryTree(root.right, level+1);
    if(level!=0){
        for(int i=0;i<level-1;i++)
            System.out.print("|\t");
        System.out.println("|-------"+root.val);
    }
    else
        System.out.println(root.val);
    printBinaryTree(root.left, level+1);
}    

将此函数与您自己指定的TreeNode一起放置，并保持初始级别为0，并享受!

以下是一些输出示例:

|       |       |-------11
|       |-------10
|       |       |-------9
|-------8
|       |       |-------7
|       |-------6
|       |       |-------5
4
|       |-------3
|-------2
|       |-------1


|       |       |       |-------10
|       |       |-------9
|       |-------8
|       |       |-------7
|-------6
|       |-------5
4
|       |-------3
|-------2
|       |-------1

唯一的问题是延伸的分支;我会尽快解决这个问题，但在此之前你也可以使用它。