我如何在Java中打印一个二叉树,这样输出就像:
4
/ \
2 5
我的节点:
public class Node<A extends Comparable> {
Node<A> left, right;
A data;
public Node(A data){
this.data = data;
}
}
我如何在Java中打印一个二叉树,这样输出就像:
4
/ \
2 5
我的节点:
public class Node<A extends Comparable> {
Node<A> left, right;
A data;
public Node(A data){
this.data = data;
}
}
当前回答
我需要在我的一个项目中打印一个二叉树,为此我准备了一个java类TreePrinter,其中一个示例输出是:
[+]
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
[*] \
/ \ [-]
[speed] [2] / \
[45] [12]
下面是TreePrinter类和TextNode类的代码。为了打印任何树,你可以用TextNode类创建一个等效的树。
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class TreePrinter {
public TreePrinter(){
}
public static String TreeString(TextNode root){
ArrayList layers = new ArrayList();
ArrayList bottom = new ArrayList();
FillBottom(bottom, root); DrawEdges(root);
int height = GetHeight(root);
for(int i = 0; i s.length()) min = s.length();
if(!n.isEdge) s += "[";
s += n.text;
if(!n.isEdge) s += "]";
layers.set(n.depth, s);
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0; i temp = new ArrayList();
for(int i = 0; i 0) temp.get(i-1).left = x;
temp.add(x);
}
temp.get(count-1).left = n.left;
n.left.depth = temp.get(count-1).depth+1;
n.left = temp.get(0);
DrawEdges(temp.get(count-1).left);
}
if(n.right != null){
int count = n.right.x - (n.x + n.text.length() + 2);
ArrayList temp = new ArrayList();
for(int i = 0; i 0) temp.get(i-1).right = x;
temp.add(x);
}
temp.get(count-1).right = n.right;
n.right.depth = temp.get(count-1).depth+1;
n.right = temp.get(0);
DrawEdges(temp.get(count-1).right);
}
}
private static void FillBottom(ArrayList bottom, TextNode n){
if(n == null) return;
FillBottom(bottom, n.left);
if(!bottom.isEmpty()){
int i = bottom.size()-1;
while(bottom.get(i).isEdge) i--;
TextNode last = bottom.get(i);
if(!n.isEdge) n.x = last.x + last.text.length() + 3;
}
bottom.add(n);
FillBottom(bottom, n.right);
}
private static boolean isLeaf(TextNode n){
return (n.left == null && n.right == null);
}
private static int GetHeight(TextNode n){
if(n == null) return 0;
int l = GetHeight(n.left);
int r = GetHeight(n.right);
return Math.max(l, r) + 1;
}
}
class TextNode {
public String text;
public TextNode parent, left, right;
public boolean isEdge;
public int x, depth;
public TextNode(String text){
this.text = text;
parent = null; left = null; right = null;
isEdge = false;
x = 0; depth = 0;
}
}
最后,这里是一个打印给定样本的测试类:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args){
TextNode root = new TextNode("+");
root.left = new TextNode("*"); root.left.parent = root;
root.right = new TextNode("-"); root.right.parent = root;
root.left.left = new TextNode("speed"); root.left.left.parent = root.left;
root.left.right = new TextNode("2"); root.left.right.parent = root.left;
root.right.left = new TextNode("45"); root.right.left.parent = root.right;
root.right.right = new TextNode("12"); root.right.right.parent = root.right;
System.out.println(TreePrinter.TreeString(root));
}
}
其他回答
你的树每一层需要两倍的距离:
a / \ / \ / \ / \ b c / \ / \ / \ / \ d e f g / \ / \ / \ / \ h i j k l m n o
你可以将你的树保存在一个数组的数组中,每个数组对应一个深度:
[[a],[b,c],[d,e,f,g],[h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o]]
如果你的树没有满,你需要在数组中包含空值:
a / \ / \ / \ / \ b c / \ / \ / \ / \ d e f g / \ \ / \ \ h i k l m o [[a],[b,c],[d,e,f,g],[h,i, ,k,l,m, ,o]]
然后你可以遍历数组来打印你的树,根据深度打印第一个元素之前和元素之间的空格,根据下一层数组中对应的元素是否被填充打印行。 如果您的值可以超过一个字符长,您需要在创建数组表示时找到最长的值,并相应地乘以所有宽度和行数。
迈克尔。克鲁兹曼,我不得不说,这人不错。这很有用。
然而,上面的方法只适用于个位数:如果您要使用多个数字,结构将会错位,因为您使用的是空格而不是制表符。
至于我后来的代码,我需要更多的数字,所以我自己编写了一个程序。
它现在有一些bug,现在我感觉很懒去纠正它们,但它打印得非常漂亮,节点可以接受更大数量的数字。
这棵树不会像问题提到的那样,但它旋转了270度:)
public static void printBinaryTree(TreeNode root, int level){
if(root==null)
return;
printBinaryTree(root.right, level+1);
if(level!=0){
for(int i=0;i<level-1;i++)
System.out.print("|\t");
System.out.println("|-------"+root.val);
}
else
System.out.println(root.val);
printBinaryTree(root.left, level+1);
}
将此函数与您自己指定的TreeNode一起放置,并保持初始级别为0,并享受!
以下是一些输出示例:
| | |-------11
| |-------10
| | |-------9
|-------8
| | |-------7
| |-------6
| | |-------5
4
| |-------3
|-------2
| |-------1
| | | |-------10
| | |-------9
| |-------8
| | |-------7
|-------6
| |-------5
4
| |-------3
|-------2
| |-------1
唯一的问题是延伸的分支;我会尽快解决这个问题,但在此之前你也可以使用它。
public static class Node<T extends Comparable<T>> {
T value;
Node<T> left, right;
public void insertToTree(T v) {
if (value == null) {
value = v;
return;
}
if (v.compareTo(value) < 0) {
if (left == null) {
left = new Node<T>();
}
left.insertToTree(v);
} else {
if (right == null) {
right = new Node<T>();
}
right.insertToTree(v);
}
}
public void printTree(OutputStreamWriter out) throws IOException {
if (right != null) {
right.printTree(out, true, "");
}
printNodeValue(out);
if (left != null) {
left.printTree(out, false, "");
}
}
private void printNodeValue(OutputStreamWriter out) throws IOException {
if (value == null) {
out.write("<null>");
} else {
out.write(value.toString());
}
out.write('\n');
}
// use string and not stringbuffer on purpose as we need to change the indent at each recursion
private void printTree(OutputStreamWriter out, boolean isRight, String indent) throws IOException {
if (right != null) {
right.printTree(out, true, indent + (isRight ? " " : " | "));
}
out.write(indent);
if (isRight) {
out.write(" /");
} else {
out.write(" \\");
}
out.write("----- ");
printNodeValue(out);
if (left != null) {
left.printTree(out, false, indent + (isRight ? " | " : " "));
}
}
}
将打印:
/----- 20
| \----- 15
/----- 14
| \----- 13
/----- 12
| | /----- 11
| \----- 10
| \----- 9
8
| /----- 7
| /----- 6
| | \----- 5
\----- 4
| /----- 3
\----- 2
\----- 1
对于输入
8 4 12 2 6 10 14 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 20 15
这是@anurag回答的一个变体——看到额外的|让我很烦
我需要在我的一个项目中打印一个二叉树,为此我准备了一个java类TreePrinter,其中一个示例输出是:
[+]
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
[*] \
/ \ [-]
[speed] [2] / \
[45] [12]
下面是TreePrinter类和TextNode类的代码。为了打印任何树,你可以用TextNode类创建一个等效的树。
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class TreePrinter {
public TreePrinter(){
}
public static String TreeString(TextNode root){
ArrayList layers = new ArrayList();
ArrayList bottom = new ArrayList();
FillBottom(bottom, root); DrawEdges(root);
int height = GetHeight(root);
for(int i = 0; i s.length()) min = s.length();
if(!n.isEdge) s += "[";
s += n.text;
if(!n.isEdge) s += "]";
layers.set(n.depth, s);
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0; i temp = new ArrayList();
for(int i = 0; i 0) temp.get(i-1).left = x;
temp.add(x);
}
temp.get(count-1).left = n.left;
n.left.depth = temp.get(count-1).depth+1;
n.left = temp.get(0);
DrawEdges(temp.get(count-1).left);
}
if(n.right != null){
int count = n.right.x - (n.x + n.text.length() + 2);
ArrayList temp = new ArrayList();
for(int i = 0; i 0) temp.get(i-1).right = x;
temp.add(x);
}
temp.get(count-1).right = n.right;
n.right.depth = temp.get(count-1).depth+1;
n.right = temp.get(0);
DrawEdges(temp.get(count-1).right);
}
}
private static void FillBottom(ArrayList bottom, TextNode n){
if(n == null) return;
FillBottom(bottom, n.left);
if(!bottom.isEmpty()){
int i = bottom.size()-1;
while(bottom.get(i).isEdge) i--;
TextNode last = bottom.get(i);
if(!n.isEdge) n.x = last.x + last.text.length() + 3;
}
bottom.add(n);
FillBottom(bottom, n.right);
}
private static boolean isLeaf(TextNode n){
return (n.left == null && n.right == null);
}
private static int GetHeight(TextNode n){
if(n == null) return 0;
int l = GetHeight(n.left);
int r = GetHeight(n.right);
return Math.max(l, r) + 1;
}
}
class TextNode {
public String text;
public TextNode parent, left, right;
public boolean isEdge;
public int x, depth;
public TextNode(String text){
this.text = text;
parent = null; left = null; right = null;
isEdge = false;
x = 0; depth = 0;
}
}
最后,这里是一个打印给定样本的测试类:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args){
TextNode root = new TextNode("+");
root.left = new TextNode("*"); root.left.parent = root;
root.right = new TextNode("-"); root.right.parent = root;
root.left.left = new TextNode("speed"); root.left.left.parent = root.left;
root.left.right = new TextNode("2"); root.left.right.parent = root.left;
root.right.left = new TextNode("45"); root.right.left.parent = root.right;
root.right.right = new TextNode("12"); root.right.right.parent = root.right;
System.out.println(TreePrinter.TreeString(root));
}
}
改编自Vasya Novikov的答案,使其更二进制,并使用StringBuilder提高效率(在Java中将String对象连接在一起通常效率很低)。
public StringBuilder toString(StringBuilder prefix, boolean isTail, StringBuilder sb) {
if(right!=null) {
right.toString(new StringBuilder().append(prefix).append(isTail ? "│ " : " "), false, sb);
}
sb.append(prefix).append(isTail ? "└── " : "┌── ").append(value.toString()).append("\n");
if(left!=null) {
left.toString(new StringBuilder().append(prefix).append(isTail ? " " : "│ "), true, sb);
}
return sb;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return this.toString(new StringBuilder(), true, new StringBuilder()).toString();
}
输出:
│ ┌── 7
│ ┌── 6
│ │ └── 5
└── 4
│ ┌── 3
└── 2
└── 1
└── 0